Implementation of an optical universal one-bit arithmetic logical circuit for high-speed processing combinational circui
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Implementation of an optical universal one‑bit arithmetic logical circuit for high‑speed processing combinational circuits Kuldeep Choudhary1 · Akash Kaushik1 · Ankit Semwal1 · Saurabh Mishra1 · Santosh Kumar1,2 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Arithmetic logic circuit (ALC) is the basic need of any combinational circuits but traditional digital circuits have limitations in terms of switching speed and power loss. In this paper, we have implemented an optical universal one-bit ALC by utilizing the electro-optic effect of Titanium-diffused lithium niobate (Ti-LiNbO3) based Mach–Zehnder interferometers for high-speed processing combinational circuits. The extinction ratio of proposed design is highest for a 1-bit multiplier, which is 10.10 dB, and insertion loss of 0.362 dB is achieved for borrow logic. The beam propagation method has been used for the modeling and simulation of the proposed design at 1330 nm wavelength. Mathematical computation has been done for the proposed structure and further results were verified by MATLAB simulation. Keywords Mach–Zehnder interferometer · Beam propagation method · Ti-diffused lithium niobate · Optical signal · Extinction ratio · Insertion loss
1 Introduction In the recent past, optical devices modeling and designing becomes the most interesting topic for many researchers because of its promising advantages in comparison to electrical/electronic devices in terms of speed of operation and power consumption (Cotter et al. 1999). In optical devices designing, there are many approaches of simulation but there are some disadvantages in them and therefore the implementation of optical devices using electro-optic effect of Ti-diffused lithium niobate (Ti-LiNbO3) based * Kuldeep Choudhary [email protected] * Santosh Kumar [email protected] 1
Advance Research Lab, Department of Electrical and Electronics and Communication Engineering, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009, India
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Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology, School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, Shandong, China
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Mach–Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) is one of the possible approaches because of its characteristic features of compact size, thermal stability (Samanta and Mukhopadhyay 2012; Singh et al. 2008, 2017; Kumar et al. 2015a, b, e; Dewra and Kaler 2013a, b), configurability (Jin et al. 2014), integration potential (Jin et al. 2014), low latency (Jin et al. 2014), low power consumption (Jin and Kumar et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2004), and low crosstalk (Dewra and Kaler 2013a, b; Jin et al. 2014; Wooten et al. 2000). Ti diffused lithium niobate waveguides are useful for various communication, signal processing, and sensor systems. Ti doping in the lithium niobate crystal increases refraction indices, which allow both TE and TM modes t
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