Improved performance of the functionalized nitinol as a prospective bone implant material
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ARTICLE Improved performance of the functionalized nitinol as a prospective bone implant material Sarmita Sinha Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
Howa Begam School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India
Vinod Kumar and Samit Kumar Nandia) Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata-700037, India
Jerzy Kubacki A. Chełkowski Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice 40-007, Poland
Abhijit Chandab) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, India (Received 2 February 2018; accepted 7 June 2018)
Nitinol, being a shape memory and super elastic alloy, is used in medical industry. Surface modification of nitinol helps to reduce the nickel ion leaching in physiological environment. The purpose of this study is to modify the nitinol surface by the silanization technique and to conduct a comparative investigation with the bare nitinol in the aspect of leaching of nickel ion, hemocompatibility, and in vivo animal response. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies confirmed the addition of organofunctional alkoxysilane molecules through the silanization process. The histological study showed the presence of adequate number of osteoblasts in silanized nitinol. The fluorochrome labeling study depicted more new bone formation (8 and 21% higher) in silanized nitinol specimens than bare one at one and three months postoperatively. Radiology and SEM study also proved the better performance of silanized samples. The cumulative in vivo results indicate its suitability as the potential bioimplant in various orthopedic surgical uses.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nitinol (alloy of nickel-titanium) has numerous practical applications in biomedical field because of its exclusive characteristics like shape memory performance and super-elasticity. Its shape memory effect offers a marked advantage over other existing materials in manufacturing self-expanding cardiovascular stents, activated at body temperature.1 Nitinol is also being tried as orthopedic implants, ocular implants, intramedullary nails, periosteal implants, and clamps because of its unique features to withstand fatigue and kinking activity, and good biomechanical and magnetic resonance compatibility.1–6 These characteristics are utilized in different surgical appliances and implants.1,7,8 Nitinol has an inherent property to produce oxide layer on its surface. This oxide layer makes nitinol prevents leaching, but for long-term applications, the problem of leaching persists and cannot be overlooked particularly in Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.204 J. Mater. Res., 2018
physiological environments. It can be really detrimental to the biological tissues and organs.9 Nickel, an essential element in the human body, should be present within a limit for da
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