Advances in biocermets for bone implant applications
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REVIEW
Advances in biocermets for bone implant applications Chengde Gao1 · Meng Yao1 · Cijun Shuai1,2,3 · Pei Feng1 · Shuping Peng2,4 Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 27 June 2020 © Zhejiang University Press 2020
Abstract As two promising biomaterials for bone implants, biomedical metals have favorable mechanical properties and good machinability but lack of bioactivity; while bioceramics are known for good biocompatibility or even bioactivity but limited by their high brittleness. Biocermets, a kind of composites composing of bioceramics and biomedical metals, have been developed as an effective solution by combining their complementary advantages. This paper focused on the recently studied biocermets for bone implant applications. Concretely, biocermets were divided into ceramic-based biocermets and metal-based biocermets according to the phase percentages. Their characteristics were systematically summarized, and the fabrication methods for biocermets were reviewed and compared. Emphases were put on the interactions between bioceramics and biomedical metals, as well as the performance improvement mechanisms. More importantly, the main methods for the interfacial reinforcing were summarized, and the corresponding interfacial reinforcing mechanisms were discussed. In addition, the in vitro and in vivo biological performances of biocermets were also reviewed. Finally, future research directions were proposed on the advancement in component design, interfacial reinforcing and forming mechanisms for the fabrication of high-performance biocermets. Keywords Biocermets · Advantageous complementarity · Fabrication methods · Interfacial reinforcing · Bone implants
Introduction The rapid growth of the global population and aging leads to an increasing demand for implants used for bone tissue defects, which are mainly caused by bone trauma and diseases. Worldwide, bone grafting is performed for over 2.5 million cases annually [1]. It is estimated that more than 500,000 people in USA undergo bone replacement surgery, and the medical costs for bone repair exceed $2.5 billion every year [2]. In China, the quantity of patients with
* Cijun Shuai [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
2
Institute of Bioadditive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang, China
3
Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen, China
4
NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
diseased limb function has reached up to 15 million and the annual growth rate of patients with bone defects is approximately 10%. However, it is reported that most of the bone defects cannot be fully recovered due to the lack of suitable bone implants. As a consequence, it is very important to design and develop bone implants with applicable performance for bone defect repair. Among the currently studied
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