Improvement of Biomass Fuel Properties for Rice Straw Pellets Using Torrefaction and Mixing with Wood Chips
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Improvement of Biomass Fuel Properties for Rice Straw Pellets Using Torrefaction and Mixing with Wood Chips Ryosuke Kizuka1 · Kazuei Ishii1 · Satoru Ochiai1 · Masahiro Sato1 · Atsushi Yamada2 · Kouei Nishimiya2 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Utilization of rice pellets as biomass fuel has many challenges compared with wood pellets, including low heating value, low bulk density, and high ash content, that cause high logistic costs and clinker formation. To solve these problems, this study focused on upgrading the quality of rice straw pellets to improve logistic efficiency by torrefaction and mixing with wood chips. Torrefaction and mixing with wood chips was effective to improve the energy density, the mechanical durability and the contents of fixed carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and ash, leading to the improvement of both logistic efficiency and combustion behavior. The burning test showed that increases in the fixed carbon content and the mechanical durability contributed to stable increases in the temperature inside the furnace during starting up and reduced the amount of ash in the exhaust gas during stable combustion. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Rice straw pellets · Torrefaction · Mixing with wood chips · Supply chain · Combustion behavior
Statement of Novelty * Kazuei Ishii k‑[email protected] 1
Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita‑ku, Sapporo 060‑8628, Japan
Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research Department, Hokkaido Research Organization, Asahikawa, Japan
2
Rice straw has difficulty for biomass fuels because of high supply chain costs caused by low heating value, low bulk density, high moisture content, low grindability, and high ash content. This study attempted to overcome the diffi‑ culty by torrefaction and mixing with wood chips to pro‑ duce rice straw pellets. Pellets of torrefied rice straw mixed with wood chips (PTRSW) improved the energy density and
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mechanical durability significantly to mitigate the problems on storage and transportation. Since the fixed carbon con‑ tent and mechanical durability in PTRSW was improved, in the combustion test using a real biomass boiler, PTRSW achieved smooth starting up of the boiler and low emissions of particle matters compared to pellets only from rice straw.
Introduction The promotion of renewable energy utilization is required to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to enhance energy independence within each region. The European Union (EU) determined to reduce GHG emissions and provide secure, affordable, and sustainable energy for its citizens. The ambitious targets for 2030 for GHG emissions reduction and renewable energy share were set to − 40% and at least 32%, considering the electricity, heating/cooling, and transportation sectors [1]. According to the 5th Strategic Energy plan in Japan [2], the target for the share of renew‑ able electricity is 22–24% by 2030. However, no targets for the heating/cool
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