Improving electrochemical performance and thermal stability of LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 via a concentration gradient N
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Improving electrochemical performance and thermal stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 via a concentration gradient Nb doping Qianru Zhang 1 & Ruo Wang 1 & Tesen Zhang 1 & Yaohuan Zhang 1 & Yingfu Lian 2 & Wei Zhao 3 Received: 5 February 2020 / Revised: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Unstable interface and thermal property of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 have been two of the most serious obstacles to limit its practical application. Lattice doping and surface coating are two dominating methods to reinforce the property of Ni-rich cathode. In this study, Nb was as a modified element to decorate LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. As a result, a concentration gradient of Nb near the surface was generated after the sintering process. The Nb-doped materials could slightly suppress the H2-H3 phase transition and improve the stability of the interface. The capacity retention at 1 C rate has been enhanced more than 15% after 200 cycles, and the capacity retention is 68.7% at 10 C rate after 400 cycles. Meanwhile, the rate performance and thermal stability also have been improved. Keywords LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 . Nb . Concentration gradient . Doping . Thermal stability
Introduction Lithium ion batteries have been regarded as an ideal energy storage devices [1–3]. The battery technology has been made great progress since LiCoO2 was commercialized by Sony in 1990s [4]. Cathode materials as the most important component possess limited energy density. The traditional cathode materials such as LiCoO2, Li2MnO3, and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O2 have a mature production process. However, the low specific capacity limits their application [5–10]. LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (1 – x − y > 0, x > 0, y > 0) proposed in 2001 has been regarded as the most potential commercial cathode materials [11, 12]. There are several different types of LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 with different x and y. The increasing Ni content can enhance the discharge capacity [13, 14]. When the Ni content is higher Qianru Zhang and Ruo Wang contributed equally to this work. * Ruo Wang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, China
2
Suzhou Jieli New Energy Materials Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China
3
School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300000, China
than 80%, the discharge capacity can attain 200 mAh g−1, and the corresponding energy density for full cell is more than 200 Wh kg−1 [15, 16]. Nevertheless, unstable cycling performance and thermal stability are still serious problems for LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. Additionally, the similar ion radius of Li+ and Ni2+ results in the cation mixing, which destroys the layered structure. Moreover, the transition metal ions would dissolve in electrolyte, which exacerbates the structure damage [17–19]. To solve the above problems, various methods were applied to boost the property of Ni-rich cathode materials, such as the surface modification, lattice doping, and core-shell [1, 20–24]
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