Improving the polysulfide barrier by efficient carbon nanofibers coating on separator/cathode for Li-S batteries
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Improving the polysulfide barrier by efficient carbon nanofibers coating on separator/cathode for Li-S batteries Francisco J. García-Soriano 1 & M. Laura Para 1 & Guillermina L. Luque 2 & Daniel Barraco 1 & Ezequiel P. M. Leiva 2 & German Lener 2 Received: 5 May 2020 / Revised: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract High-power high-density lithium rechargeable batteries are necessary to meet the energy demand of electric vehicles and highpower stationary grids. Here, we present a straightforward method for obtaining carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a polysulfide barrier in Li-S cells, resulting in a significant increase in cell performance. CNFs were coated both on the separator and on the cathode. The CNF-coated cathode showed a specific capacity of 1010 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C, with a capacity fading of 0.021% per cycle. In addition, at 1 C, it delivered 946 mA h g−1, thus presenting a fast Li+ transport with a good capacity. This result turns CNFs-coated cathodes into a promising system for obtaining high-performance Li-S cells. Keywords Lithium-sulfur batteries . Carbon nanofibers . Cathode coating . Polysulfide shuttling . Energy storage
Introduction The continuous increase in energy demand requires the development of high level energy storage devices to be used as energy carriers from renewable energy sources [1, 2]. One of the main issues on which the scientific community is working intensively is the improvement of low-cost materials to obtain multifunctional composites, to be used as electrodes for lithium batteries. The objective is to make their application possible for high-demand electrical devices such as electric vehicles [3], stationary grid devices with fast energy supply, and artificial intelligence, among others [4]. Li-S batteries represent a potential solution to obtain highperformance electrochemical energy storage devices. This is so because Li-S batteries have a theoretical specific gravimetric Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04749-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * German Lener [email protected] 1
IFEG, Facultad de Matemática Astronomía, Física y Computación, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina
2
INFIQC, Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina
capacity of 1672 mA h g−1 (taking into account the full reduction of sulfur to form Li2S) [5], which is considerably higher than that of Li-ion batteries. However, there are many difficulties to be solved before a practical application, due to the problems arising due to the resistive nature of sulfur, the global electrochemical reaction, and the lithium anode [6]. Sulfur has a high electronic resistivity (1024 Ωcm) [7] and the reactions with lithium lead t
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