Improving the thermo-physical and rheological properties of crude oil (CO) by the synthesized CuO/SiO 2 /CaP nanocomposi
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Improving the thermo‑physical and rheological properties of crude oil (CO) by the synthesized CuO/SiO2/CaP nanocomposite for drag reduction through horizontal pipelines Reza Mansourian1 · Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi1 · Efstathios E. Michaelides2 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The thermo-physical properties and rheological behavior of crude oil (CO) have substantial efficacies on transportation, processing, and refinery operation. S iO2 (silica)–CaP (calcium phosphate)–CuO (copper oxide) nanocomposite was synthesized by the sono-co-precipitation technique. In this work, the impact of nanocomposite volume fraction as well as temperature on the thermo-physical and also rheological characteristics of S iO2–CaP–CuO-based CO nanofluid were evaluated. All experimental tests were done in the temperatures and nanocomposite concentrations of 25–55 °C and 0.05–0.75 vol.%, respectively. Also, the drag reduction of the nanofluid in horizontal pipelines was elucidated by the SiO2–CaP–CuO-based CO nanofluid at 25 °C. The highest dynamic viscosity enhancement was found to be about 44.57% for 0.75 vol.% nanocomposite particles. The nanofluids thermal conductivity augmented with nanocomposite volume fraction increment. The greatest increment in nanofluids thermal conductivity was obtained about 17.26% at 0.75 vol.%. Moreover, four correlations were expanded for the dynamic viscosity and thermo-physical characteristics of the nanofluids with relative average deviation (RAD) percentage of less than 1%, which depended on temperature and nanocomposite volume concentration. The empirical relationships indicated a satisfactory compliance with the laboratory data. Additionally, outcomes demonstrated that the drag reduction of hybrid nanofluid in the horizontal pipeline under fully turbulent flow increased with enhancing the nanofluid concentration. Drag reduction of the nanofluids in the rough pipelines was higher than that in the smooth pipeline at the same Reynolds number in the range of 6500–42,000 and different pipe’s diameter (0.5–1 in.). No considerable increase and/or a reduction in hybrid nanofluid thermal conductivity was found for the recovered nanocomposite in various volume concentrations. The highest dynamic viscosity reduction after three times recovery treatment was obtained about 0.7% for 0.5 vol.% nanocomposite particles. Keywords Volume concentration · SiO2–CaP–CuO · Nanofluids · Nanocomposite · Viscosity · Crude oil · Drag reduction Abbreviations CO Crude oil Cp Specific heat capacity (kj/kg K) DR Drag reduction EG Ethylene glycol nf Nanofluid np Nanoparticle k Thermal conductivity (W/m K)
SDS Sodium dodecyl sulfate T Temperature (°C) x Vol.% nanofluid φ Volume concentration γ Shear rate(s−1) ρ Density (g/cm3) μ Viscosity (Pa s) τ Shear stress (Pa)
* Efstathios E. Michaelides [email protected]
Introduction
1
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University,
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