Improving the Time Stability of Superconducting Planar Resonators
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.262
Improving the Time Stability of Superconducting Planar Resonators M.S. Moeed,1,2 C.T. Earnest,1,2 J.H. Béjanin,1,2 A.S. Sharafeldin,1,2 and M. Mariantoni1,2 1 Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
ABSTRACT
Quantum computers are close to become a practical technology. Solid-state implementations based, for example, on superconducting devices strongly rely on the quality of the constituent materials. In this work, we fabricate and characterize superconducting planar resonators in the microwave range, made from aluminum films on silicon substrates. We study two samples, one of which is unprocessed and the other cleaned with a hydrofluoric acid bath and by heating at ͺͺͲԨ in high vacuum. We verify the efficacy of the cleaning treatment by means of scanning transmission electron microscope imaging of samples’ cross sections. From ͵݄long resonator measurements at ൎ ͳͲ݉ ܭand with ൎ ͳͲ photonic excitations, we estimate the frequency flicker noise level using the Allan deviation and find an approximately tenfold noise reduction between the two samples; the cleaned sample shows a flicker noise power coefficient for the fractional frequency of ൎ ͲǤʹ͵ ൈ ͳͲିଵହ . Our preliminary results follow the generalized tunneling model for two-level state defects in amorphous dielectric materials and show that suitable cleaning treatments can help the operation of superconducting quantum computers.
INTRODUCTION Quantum computers hold the promise of solving classically intractable algorithms such as the factorization of large integers, quantum search and optimization, and quantum simulations [1]. Among other systems, superconducting devices as well as trapped ions and semiconductor devices are the leading candidates for the experimental implementation of a practical quantum computer [2]. Superconducting devices [3], in
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particular, are already being used in medium-scale quantum computers comprised of ̱ͳͲͲ quantum bits (qubits). Superconducting planar devices are implemented by patterning micro- and nano-metric aluminum (Al) structures on silicon (Si) substrates (wafers), with fabrication methods similar to those used by the semiconductor industry. These devices are operated at a temperature ܶ ൎ ͳͲ and are used to store the electromagnetic energy of fields oscillating at a frequency ݂ ̱ͷ . Large-scale superconducting quantum computers will be operated continuously for extended time periods ranging from hours to days [4]. The time stability of the qubit parameters is, thus, a critical requirement to realize practical quantu
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