In Silico and Experimental Data Claiming Safety Aspects and Beneficial Attributes of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain Entero
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In Silico and Experimental Data Claiming Safety Aspects and Beneficial Attributes of the Bacteriocinogenic Strain Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B Alaa Al Seraih 1 & Yanath Belguesmia 1 & Benoit Cudennec 1 & John Baah 2 & Djamel Drider 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract This study aimed at comparing the genome of Enterococcus faecalis B3A-B3B, a bacteriocinogenic strain recently isolated from a healthy Iraqi infant to those of Enterococci of clinical and beneficial grades. The putative genes gelE, cpd, efaAfm, ccf, agg, and cob coding for virulence factors were detected in B3A-B3B strain, which meanwhile resulted to be non-cytotoxic, non-hemolytic, devoid of inflammatory effects, and sensitive to most of the antibiotics tested except for clindamycin and trimethoprim, which resistance is usually ascribed to intrinsic nature. B3A-B3B strain was remarkable for its hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, adhesion to human Caco-2 cells, and survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and cholesterol assimilation fulfilling therefore key beneficial attributes. Keywords Lactic acid bacteria . Enterococcus faecalis . Beneficial traits . Bacteriocin . In silico analysis
Introduction Majority of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms, which are isolated from different sources including plants, fermented foods, humans, and animals [1]. LAB constitute a substantial part of the human or animal microbiota, they are abundantly found in the gastrointestinal (GIT), and the genitourinary tracts, along with other bacterial species and other microbes [2, 3]. Enterococci are part of LAB group with capabilities to grow under harsh conditions including highly elevated bile salts concentrations (up to 40%), temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C, NaCl concentration up to 6.5%, and pH 9.6 [4, 5]. Enterococci can be found in many ecological niches including traditional fermented food and dairy products, water, soil, and plants [6]. These microbes are adapted members of the GIT of humans, mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects [6–8]. Enterococci are studied for their role in life-threatening infections in humans, but also for their beneficial attributes * Yanath Belguesmia [email protected] 1
Université de Lille, INRA, ISA, Université d’Artois, Université du Littoral-Côte d’Opale, EA 7394 Institut Charles Viollette, 59000 Lille, France
2
Best Environmental Technologies Inc, 9610-39 Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 5T9, Canada
for food products and probiotics. Arias and Murray [9] considered these microbes as a major cause of healthcareassociated infections worldwide. Pericás et al. [10] associated Enterococci with the third cause of infective endocarditis (IE) worldwide. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) known as opportunistic pathogens in the immunocompromised populations can easily grow and colonize the GIT of patients. Antibiotic treatment of VRE infections could lead to dysbiosis and persistence of VRE in the GIT [11]. E. fae
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