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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04489-7  2020 This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply

IN SITU SYNCHROTRON AND NEUTRON CHARACTERIZATION OF ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED ALLOYS

In Situ Synchrotron and Neutron Characterization of Additively Manufactured Alloys FAN ZHANG,1,5 LIANYI CHEN,2,3 and DHRITI BHATTACHARYYA4 1.—Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 21029, USA. 2.—Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 3.—Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA. 4.—Australia’s Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. 5.—e-mail: [email protected]

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and alloys represents a suite of emerging manufacturing processes that fabricate parts layer-by-layer following a three-dimensional digital model. Since its inception, AM has proven effective for concept modeling and rapid prototyping, and during the last decade, has started to realize its revolutionary potential to impact the manufacturing industry for the production of customizable, high-value parts with complex shapes and geometries in, e.g., the aerospace, automotive, medical, and military sectors. As one of the most rapidly growing and heavily invested components of the manufacturing industry, AM is currently undergoing rapid advancement, with new and innovative concepts and applications constantly being developed. Despite the growing use of AM, a number of challenges, such as the lack of established qualification procedures and thorough understanding of the nonequilibrium fabrication processes, continue to impede its more widespread adoption. In response to these challenges, the most recent quadrennial Strategy for American Leadership in Advanced Manufacturing, released by the US National Science and Technology Council in 2018, set out four strategic goals for AM development, including to: continue advancements in process control and process monitoring to secure AM technologies as viable production alternatives, develop new methods to measure and quantify the interactions between material and processing technology to better understand the material–process–structure Fan Zhang, Dhriti Bhattacharyya, and Lianyi Chen are JOM Guest Editors for the topic In Situ Synchrotron and Neutron Characterization of Additively Manufactured Alloys in this issue. (Received November 4, 2020; accepted November 5, 2020)

relationship, establish new standards to support the representation, presentation, and evaluation of AM data to ensure part quality and reproducibility, and expand research efforts to establish best practices for applying computational technologies to AM, including simulation and machine learning.1 Each of these goals emphasizes the essential roles of measurement science and standardization in the continued growth of AM technol