In Vitro Assessment of Flow Variability in an Intracranial Aneurysm Model Using 4D Flow MRI and Tomographic PIV
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Annals of Biomedical Engineering (Ó 2020) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02543-8
Original Article
In Vitro Assessment of Flow Variability in an Intracranial Aneurysm Model Using 4D Flow MRI and Tomographic PIV RAFAEL MEDERO,1,2 KATRINA RUEDINGER,3,4 DAVID RUTKOWSKI,1,2 KEVIN JOHNSON,5 and ALEJANDRO ROLDA´N-ALZATE 1,2,3 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIMR 2476, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA; 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; and 5Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA (Received 30 December 2019; accepted 1 June 2020) Associate Editor Ender A Finol oversaw the review of this article.
Abstract—Aneurysm rupture has been suggested to be related to aneurysm geometry, morphology, and complex flow activity; therefore, understanding aneurysm-specific hemodynamics is crucial. 4D Flow MRI has been shown to be a feasible tool for assessing hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms with high spatial resolution. However, it requires averaging over multiple heartbeats and cannot account for cycle-to-cycle hemodynamics variations. This study aimed to assess cycle-to-cycle flow dynamics variations in a patientspecific intracranial aneurysm model using tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomo-PIV) at a high image rate under pulsatile flow conditions. Time-resolved and timeaveraged velocity flow fields within the aneurysm sac and estimations of wall shear stress (WSS) were compared with those from 4D Flow MRI. A one-way ANOVA showed a significant difference between cardiac cycles (p value < 0.0001); however, differences were not significant after PIV temporal and spatial resolution was matched to that of MRI (p value 0.9727). This comparison showed the spatial resolution to be the main contributor to assess cycle-to-cycle variability. Furthermore, the comparison with 4D Flow MRI between velocity components, streamlines, and estimated WSS showed good qualitative and quantitative agreement. This study showed the feasibility of patient-specific in-vitro experiments using tomo-PIV to assess 4D Flow MRI with high repeatability in the measurements. Keywords—Intracranial aneurysm, Patient-specific, Experimental validation, Particle image velocimetry, Hemodynamics, Phase-contrast MRI, Wall shear stress.
Address correspondence to Alejandro Rolda´n-Alzate, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WIMR 2476, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA. Electronic mail: [email protected]
INTRODUCTION An intracranial aneurysm is a dilatation of the wall of an artery that supplies blood to the brain.14 These are common, occurring in 3–6% of adults, and may also be lethal due to the potential to rupture.21 Since cases of aneurysm rupture are less than 2% per year and the mortality associated with rupture is 40–50%, there i
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