In Vitro Element Bioavailability Studies of Some Underutilized Seeds in Southeast Nigeria
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In Vitro Element Bioavailability Studies of Some Underutilized Seeds in Southeast Nigeria Lawrence Olusegun Ajala 1 & Mathew Chidi Okafor 2 & Mecha Kalu Ndukwe 1 Genga John Ogundele 3 & Roseline Bolanle Ogundele 4
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Ogechi Ejituruchi Okoro 1
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Received: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Elemental and antinutritional compositions of three underutilized seeds (Mucuna sloanei, Brachystegia eurycoma and Detarium microcarpum) were analysed to elucidate their safety and wholesomeness as human food supplements or condiments using standard analytical methods. Results showed that there were significant differences in the concentration levels of the elements and the antinutrient contents of the seeds. The toxic element concentration levels clearly indicated that they exhibited acceptable values when compared with the recommended standards. There existed correlation between the contents of potassium, manganese, selenium and lead of the samples; calcium had inverse relationship with the oxalate contents, while lead and manganese had perfect association in all the samples. The results of elemental ratios showed synergistic interactions with exception of iron to zinc ratio in all the seeds. Element bioavailability in the presence of oxalate and phytate were all in tandem with the standard values. The results further revealed that zinc in all the seeds and selenium in Mucuna sloanei and Brachystegia eurycoma were overloaded in the samples, while the elemental safety index values for the other elements indicated that the seeds were safe. Overall, the findings of this study have strongly confirmed the nutritional potentials of these seeds and its safety and wholesomeness as human food condiments. Keywords Mucuna sloanei . Brachystegia eurycoma . Detarium microcarpum . Elemental ratio . Elemental safety index . Element bioavailability
Introduction The world population has been on increase in the past few decades. Consequently, the demand for food has not only increased but insufficient to cater for the need of man. In order to bridge the gap, it is imperative to find alternative sources to meet the demand. Apart from conventional major sources of food, nuts and seeds are receiving growing interest due to their high concentration of bioactive components which confer
them with various health benefits [1]. These plant parts can extensively be used for food supplementation if their nutritional data is ascertained. The ability of a particular seed to fit into the growing industries depends on its utilization potential, rate of production, availability and ease of the processing technology [2]. Seeds contain elements which are known to be indispensable of life, and their shortages or excess may result into disorder(s) [3–5]. These elements cannot be biochemically
* Lawrence Olusegun Ajala [email protected]
Roseline Bolanle Ogundele [email protected]
Mathew Chidi Okafor [email protected]
1
Department of Science L
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