Inadequacy of Mathematical Models of Measurement Objects and Calculations of Risk Based On the Use of Gost ISO/IEC 17025
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INADEQUACY OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF MEASUREMENT OBJECTS AND CALCULATIONS OF RISK BASED ON THE USE OF GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2019
S. F. Levin
UDC 519.25:53.08
The problem of inadequacy of mathematical models of measurement objects in connection with the problem of “definitional uncertainty of measurements” and with the need to control risks in accordance with GOST ISO/IEC 17025–2019, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories, is considered. The history of the problem from the development of the moment approach and the compositional approach through assessment of precision to the introduction of the specialized term, error of inadequacy of a mathematical model of a measurement object, is described. The negative influence of the hopelessness of conceptual and terminological transformations in metrology and the critical contradiction of assessments of the applicability of the statistical methods presented in GOST R ISO/IEC 31010–2011, Management of Risk. Methods of Risk Assessment, and in the Guide to the Expression of Measurement Uncertainty are noted. It is shown that taking into account the inadequacy of probabilistic models in calculations of risk is a necessary condition for assuring the reliability of the results of measurements. Keywords: mathematical model, definitional uncertainty, moment approach, compositional approach, error of inadequacy of model.
All-Russia State Standard (GOST) ISO/IEC 17025–2019, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories, was introduced September 1, 2019. Today, the risks of statistical hypotheses, false adoption, and false deviation of decisions regarding the conformity of a laboratory must be estimated objectively, impartially, and constantly. It should also be noted that international or national standards and generally recognized technical requirements that contain sufficient information on ways of carrying out laboratory activity do not have to be complemented or rewritten as internal laboratory procedures. A “risk-oriented approach” is described in a number of Russian standards derived from international studies, such as GOST R ISO 31000-2010, Risk Management. Principles and Guidelines; GOST R ISO/IEC 51901.7-2017/ISO/TR 310042013, Risk Management. Guide to the Introduction of ISO 31000, and GOST R ISO/IEC 31010-2019, Risk Management. Methods of Risk Assessment. In June, 2019 a new version of the standard was published: ISO/IEC 31010:2019, Risk Management. Risk Assessment Techniques. In these standards risk is defined as the “influence of uncertainty on an objective,” while the process of arriving at assessments presupposes a process of identification, analysis, and risk assessment. In addition, according to R 50.2.004-2000, State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements (GSI). Determination of the Characteristics of Mathematical Models of Dependences between Physical Quantities. Basic Assumptions in the general case of uncertainty in the broad sense characterizes the probability distribution on
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