Incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia occurred after radical prostatectomy-comparisons of different approaches
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Incidence and risk factors of inguinal hernia occurred after radical prostatectomycomparisons of different approaches Lijia Liu1†, Haoxiang Xu2†, Feng Qi2†, Shangqian Wang2†, Kamleshsingh Shadhu1,3, Dadhija Ramlagun-Mungur1,3 and Shui Wang1*
Abstract Background: To observe cumulative morbidity of postoperative inguinal hernia (PIH) and identify risk factors associated with its development in patients who underwent retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic prostatectomy (LRP) or robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) operation. Methods: From June 2009 to September 2016, 756 patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who had undergone RRP, LRP or RALP in our center were included in this study. Patients with PIH were retrospectively investigated in such factors as age, BMI, previous abdominal operations, diabetes mellitus history, hypertension history, prostate volume, previous hernia, operative methods, operative approach, preoperative Gleason, clinical Tstage, PLND situation, operative time, and estimated blood loss. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis were utilized to identify risk factors predisposing to PIH. Results: A total of 53 of 751(7.1%) patients developed PIH at a median follow-up period of 43 months. PIH rate in RRP was significantly higher compared to LRP and RALP group (RRP: 15.3%, LRP: 6.7%, RALP:1.9%, P = 0.038). Right side (69.8%) and indirect (88.8%) PIH were dominant type in hernia group. Univariate and multivariate cox hazard regressions analysis indicated that age and RRP approach were identified to be implicated to PIH [adjusted hazard ratio7.39(1.18–46.39), 2.93(95% CI 1.47–5.84)]. Conclusions: RRP technique and older age, especially patients over 80 years, are associated with higher incidence for PIH development. Appropriate prophylaxis during the operation should be evaluated for those in high-risk. Keywords: Postoperative inguinal hernia, Prostatectomy, Older age, Prostate cancer
Background The incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) has been increasing rapidly during the last decade due to widely applied prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening [1]. To date, prostate cancer has become the most diagnosed solid malignancies among American men. In 2018, there were * Correspondence: [email protected] † Lijia Liu, Haoxiang Xu, Feng Qi and Shangqian Wang contributed equally to this work. 1 Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
164,690 estimated new cases, and 1 in every 5 newly diagnosed cancer was PCa [1], especially the localized and locally advanced PCa. Radical prostatectomy is one of the gold standard treatment for early-stage PCa, which could be operated by retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic prostatectomy (LRP) and robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) approaches. Some relatively well-studied complicati
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