Increased prevalence of tumour infiltrating immune cells in oropharyngeal tumours in comparison to other subsites: relat
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Increased prevalence of tumour infiltrating immune cells in oropharyngeal tumours in comparison to other subsites: relationship to peripheral immunity Victoria L. Green • Anna Michno • Nicholas D. Stafford • John Greenman
Received: 5 September 2012 / Accepted: 12 January 2013 / Published online: 29 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Background The nature of the tumour microenvironment immune response in head and neck cancer patients has an important role in tumour development and metastasis, but it is unknown if this differs between cancer subsites or whether it is related to the peripheral immune response. Methods Immune cells (CD4, CD8, Foxp3) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissue (HNSCC; n = 66), detected by immunohistochemistry, have been correlated with tumour subsite and immune cells in the peripheral circulation (CD4?CD25HighFoxp3? Treg and CD4? T cells), identified using flow cytometry. Results Oropharyngeal tumours had a greater number of infiltrating immune cells in both tumour and stroma compared with other subsites, but no difference was observed in the circulating levels. Immune cells in the stroma were positively related to those in the tumour with consistently higher levels in stroma. A strong relationship was found between the number of CD4? and Foxp3? cells but not between the number of CD8? and Foxp3? cells in the tumour. The number of Foxp3? cells within the tumour was positively correlated with the percentage of circulating CD4?CD25High cells positive for Foxp3. Late stage
V. L. Green A. Michno J. Greenman Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK V. L. Green (&) Daisy Building Laboratories, Castle Hill Hospital, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK e-mail: [email protected] N. D. Stafford Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
laryngeal tumours showed a higher number of Foxp3? lymphocytes compared with early stage malignancies, and oropharyngeal tumours had more CD4? cells in node negative tumours compared with node positive ones. Conclusion The level of immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma appears to be subsite dependent residing primarily in the stroma and is likely to be dependent on the peripheral immune response. Keywords HNSCC Oropharyngeal T regulatory cells Tumour microenvironment
Introduction Head and neck cancer are the sixth most common solid tumour in the world accounting for approximately 5 % of all cancer incidences globally [1] and is a term used to group together a number of tumours arising from distinct locations (subsites; including nasal cavity, oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx) within the upper aerodigestive tract. Histologically, 95 % of all head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), and although a subgroup of patients with tumours arising as a result of HPV16 infection tend to have an overall 3 year survival of 82.4 %, other patients with non-viral HNSCC still have a 5-year survival rate of only 57.1 % [2].
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