Increased risk of metabolic dysfunction in children conceived by assisted reproductive technology
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ARTICLE
Increased risk of metabolic dysfunction in children conceived by assisted reproductive technology Linlin Cui 1,2,3,4,5 & Wei Zhou 1,2,3,4,5 & Bo Xi 6 & Jinlong Ma 1,2,3,4,5 & Jingmei Hu 1,2,3,4,5 & Mei Fang 1,2,3,4,5 & Kuona Hu 1,2,3,4,5 & Yingying Qin 1,2,3,4,5 & Li You 1,2,3,4,5 & Yongzhi Cao 1,2,3,4,5 & Lili Yang 6 & Liu Yang 6 & Chuanwei Ma 6 & Wang Shui 6 & Mingming Wang 6 & Min Zhao 7 & Jun Zhang 8 & Zi-Jiang Chen 1,2,3,4,5,9 Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aims/hypothesis Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the most widely used treatment for infertility and has resulted in millions of births worldwide. The safety of the offspring has been of the utmost concern. Previous studies suggested an increase in metabolic disorders in offspring later in life. The aim of the present study was to investigate metabolic changes at age 6–10 years in offspring conceived as a result of in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). Methods A total of 380 children born from IVF/ICSI and a matched control group of 380 naturally conceived children, all aged 6–10 years, were recruited. Anthropometric measures, ultrasound and serum tests were performed for body mass, glucose metabolism and lipid profiles, and examination of vasculature structure. Results The children conceived by ART showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels and HOMAIR (adjusted β [95% CI]: fasting blood glucose 0.49 [0.42, 0.55]; loge-transformed insulin 0.28 [0.20, 0.35]; loge-transformed HOMA-IR 0.38 [0.30, 0.46]), as well as a lower HOMA-B and serum apolipoprotein A (ApoA) levels (adjusted β [95% CI]: loge-transformed HOMA-B −0.19 [−0.27, −0.11]; ApoA −0.17 [−0.21, −0.13]), when compared with the control group. Furthermore, the ultrasound scan indicated elevated carotid intima–media thickness in children conceived by ART (β 0.13 [95% CI 0.12, 0.13]). Conclusions/interpretation Children conceived by IVF/ICSI have a less favourable glucose and cardiovascular metabolic profile in childhood when compared with naturally conceived children. The underlying mechanisms and potential long-term consequences need to be elucidated in future studies. Keywords Assisted reproductive technology . Children . Metabolic dysfunction
Linlin Cui and Wei Zhou are joint first authors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05241-1) contains peer-reviewed but unedited supplementary material, which is available to authorised users. * Zi-Jiang Chen [email protected] 1
Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250000, China
2
National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Jinan, China
3
The Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
4
Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Cente
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