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BioMed Central

Open Access

Research

Induction of antitumor immunity through xenoplacental immunization Zhaohui Zhong1, Kornel P Kusznieruk2, Igor A Popov3, Neil H Riordan4, Hamid Izadi2, Li Yijian1, Salman Sher5, Orest M Szczurko6, Michael G Agadjanyan7, Richard H Tullis8, Amir Harandi9, Boris N Reznik10, Grigor V Mamikonyan2 and Thomas E Ichim*2,11 Address: 1The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China, 2MedVax Pharma Corp, Toronto, Canada/San Diego, USA, 3Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada, 4Medistem Laboratories Inc, Tempe Arizona, USA, 5Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA, 6Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Canada, 7Institute of Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California, USA, 8Aethlon Medical, Inc, San Diego, California, USA, 9Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, USA, 10bioRASI LLC, Miami, USA and 11OncoMune LLC, Los Angeles, California, USA Email: Zhaohui Zhong - [email protected]; Kornel P Kusznieruk - [email protected]; Igor A Popov - [email protected]; Neil H Riordan - [email protected]; Hamid Izadi - [email protected]; Li Yijian - [email protected]; Salman Sher - [email protected]; Orest M Szczurko - [email protected]; Michael G Agadjanyan - [email protected]; Richard H Tullis - [email protected]; Amir Harandi - [email protected]; Boris N Reznik - [email protected]; Grigor V Mamikonyan - [email protected]; Thomas E Ichim* - [email protected] * Corresponding author

Published: 25 May 2006 Journal of Translational Medicine 2006, 4:22

doi:10.1186/1479-5876-4-22

Received: 03 April 2006 Accepted: 25 May 2006

This article is available from: http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/4/1/22 © 2006 Zhong et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract Historically cancer vaccines have yielded suboptimal clinical results. We have developed a novel strategy for eliciting antitumor immunity based upon homology between neoplastic tissue and the developing placenta. Placenta formation shares several key processes with neoplasia, namely: angiogenesis, activation of matrix metalloproteases, and active suppression of immune function. Immune responses against xenoantigens are well known to break self-tolerance. Utilizing xenogeneic placental protein extracts as a vaccine, we have successfully induced anti-tumor immunity against B16 melanoma in C57/BL6 mice, whereas control xenogeneic extracts and B16 tumor extracts where ineffective, or actually promoted tumor growth, respectively. Furthermore, dendritic cells were able to prime tumor immunity when pulsed with the placental xenoantigens. While vaccination-induced tumor regression was abolished in mice depleted of CD4 T cells, both C