Induction, Physics and Ethics Proceedings and Discussions of the 196
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY
MONOGRAPHS ON EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE AND OF KNOWLEDGE, AND ON THE MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Editors: DONALD DAVIDSON,
J AAKKO
HINTIKKA,
Princeton University
Academy of Finland and Stanford University
GABRIEL NUCHELMANS, WESLEY
C.
SALMON,
University of Leyden
Indiana University
INDUCTION, PHYSICS, AND ETHICS PROCEEDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS OF THE 1968 SALZBURG COLLOQUIUM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Edited by
PAUL WEINGARTNER AND GERHARD ZECHA
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY /DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78-118137 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-3307-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-3305-3
e-ISBN-13: 978-94-010-3305-3
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1970 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1970 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher
PREFACE
This volume constitutes the Proceedings and Discussions of the 1968 Salzburg Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science. The Colloquium was held at the Institut fUr Wissenschaftstheorie of the Internationales Forschungszentrum fUr Grundfragen der Wissenschaften, Salzburg, Austria, from August 28 to August 31, 1968, under the joint auspices of the Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, and the Institut fur Wissenschaftstheorie of the Internationales Forschungszentrum, Salzburg. The Colloquium was organized by an executive committee consisting ofY. Bar-Hillel (President), M. Black, J. Hintikka, B. Juhos, M. Strauss, and P. Weingartner (Secretary). The Colloquium was generously subsidised by the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, and by the Internationales Forschungszentrum, Salzburg. The Colloquium was divided into three main sections: Induction and Probability (Chairman: 1. Hintikka), Foundations of Physics (Chairman: M. Strauss), and Science and Ethics: The Moral Responsibility of the Scientist (Chairman: M. Black). This volume contains all papers presented at the Colloquium. Six of those papers concerning Induction and Probability, have, with slight changes, already been published in Synthese 20, 1969. Although the articles of the section Science and Ethics were only read at the International Congress of Philosophy in Vienna on September 3, 1968, the discussion on them took place in Salzburg two days ago. This was possible, because early drafts of all papers had been sent to each participant, in order to prepare appropriate discussions. The discussions, recorded by tape-recorder, have also been published in this volume. Unfortunately, for reasons of space, some passages had to be shortened, a few even omitted. We are grateful to all the contributors for their kind cooperation,
VI
PREFACE
particularly to those who thoroughly corrected the transcript of the discussions. Our than
