Industry 4.0 as Enabler for Effective Manufacturing Virtual Enterprises
Today, the variety of complex products, low volume and decreasing life cycles require a combination of multiple skills that, often, do not exist in a single organization. This raises the need to extend the traditional organization towards the extended vir
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CESE - INESC TEC, Campus da FEUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal {fdmf,almm}@inesctec.pt Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal {jfaria,ala}@fe.up.pt
Abstract. Today, the variety of complex products, low volume and decreasing life cycles require a combination of multiple skills that, often, do not exist in a single organization. This raises the need to extend the traditional organization towards the extended virtual enterprise. During the last decade several research projects developed concepts, methods and tools to support the design and oper‐ ation of the virtual enterprises. However, the impact in industry remains low mainly due to the lack of vertical and horizontal integration, both at business and technical level. Industry 4.0 may be the missing enabler for effective virtual enterprises, once it integrates both business entities and technical entities into a single concept - the Industry 4.0 component – thus enabling enhanced interoper‐ ability. This paper presents innovative Industry 4.0 approaches, concepts, methods and tools applied to real manufacturing environments, showing how they enable the creation of cyber-physical production systems leading to a flexible, efficient and seamlessly virtual enterprise. Keywords: Virtual enterprise · Industry 4.0 · Internet of things · Cyber-physical systems · Intelligent product ecosystems
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Introduction
During the last decades, increasing competitiveness pressure led companies to look at efficiency improvement opportunities obtained from a higher integration level between the design of the products, the design of production processes and the design of the value chains [1]. Mass customization and servitization are perhaps the most prevalent exam‐ ples of responding to such competitive pressure [2]. Nowadays, companies seek to explore new organizational models such as virtual enterprises, in order to ensure a faster response to new business opportunities, and to offer differentiated products at compet‐ itive prices [3]. Sustainability, high variety, low volume and shorter product life cycles require a combination of multiple skills that is not easy to find in a single company. This raises the need to extend the organization, including skilled business partners, thus forming virtual enterprises [4, 5]. Collaboration is moving from the classical supply chain, with stable relationships between stakeholders with fully defined roles, to unprecedented dynamic structures. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2016 Published by Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All Rights Reserved H. Afsarmanesh et al. (Eds.): PRO-VE 2016, IFIP AICT 480, pp. 274–285, 2016. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-45390-3_24
Industry 4.0 as Enabler for Effective Manufacturing Virtual Enterprises
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Some of these organisational forms are goal-oriented, that is, focused on a single project or business opportunity [6]. In this business context, virtual enterprises have been widely discussed over the past decades [7, 8]. In this research, the defini
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