Virtual Manufacturing
Virtual Manufacturing presents a novel concept of combining human computer interfaces with virtual reality for discrete and continuous manufacturing systems. The authors address the relevant concepts of manufacturing engineering, virtual reality, and comp
- PDF / 48,795,702 Bytes
- 816 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 94 Downloads / 291 Views
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7113
Wasim Ahmed Khan Abdul Raouf Kai Cheng •
•
Virtual Manufacturing
123
Prof. Wasim Ahmed Khan Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Business Administration City Campus, Garden Road 74400 Karachi Pakistan e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Kai Cheng School of Engineering and Design Brunel University UB8 3PH Uxbridge, Middlesex UK e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Abdul Raouf University of Management and Technology Johar Town C-2 54600 Lahore Pakistan e-mail: [email protected]
Additional material to this book can be downloaded from http://extra.springer.com
ISSN 1860-5168 ISBN 978-0-85729-185-1
e-ISBN 978-0-85729-186-8
DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-186-8 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 Every effort has been made to keep the contents of this book accurate in terms of description, examples as given in case studies, intellectual rights of others, and contents of Web sites at the time of browsing. The authors and the publisher are not responsible for any injury, financial loss or loss of life arising from use of material in this book. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Wasim A. Khan Sadaf, Arqam, Sarah and Muhammad Abdul Raouf Dr. Razia Raouf Kai Cheng Lucy Lu
Preface
According to MSN Encarta the term ‘virtual reality’ is commonly used to express Simulated Reality, Computer Simulation, Simulation, Cyberspace, Computer Modeling or Computer Graphics. In today’s scientific scenario, virtual reality is classified on a continuum from Real environment to its variations to virtual environment. These variations of virtual reality are from real environment to augmented reality to augmented virtuality to the virtual environment. All the intermediate representations are known as mixed reality. Azuma et al
