Infectious Diseases
Infections of the brain are caused by bacteria, virus, fungi or parasites. Bacterial infections are often related to septic emboli and extracranial infections spreading intracranially and intra-axially. This can result in cerebritis and brain abscesses. V
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T. Moritani S. Ekholm P.-L. Westesson
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging of the Brain Second Edition
Toshio Moritani, MD, PhD
Per-Lennart Westesson, MD, PhD, DDS
Assistant Professor Department of Radiology University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive Iowa City, IA 52242-1009 USA
Professor of Radiology and Director of Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology and Professor of Clinical Dentistry University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 602 Elmwood Avenue Rochester, NY 14624-8623 USA
Sven Ekholm, MD, PhD Professor of Radiology and Director of Research Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 602 Elmwood Avenue Rochester, NY 14642-8623 USA
ISBN 978-3-540-78784-6 e-ISBN 978-3-540-78785-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-3540-78785-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926632 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Cover design: eStudio Calamar Figueres, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
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Foreword
Few advances in MR imaging have had the impact that diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging has had in the evaluation of brain. From the time of the early descriptions by LeBihan and colleagues of the ability to image and measure the micromovement of water molecules in the brain to the present time, diffusion imaging and its derivatives have made an impact in the evaluation of multiple disease processes, primarily in ischemia, but also in other conditions of the brain. In most medical centers diffusion imaging is no longer considered a sequence to be used in special circumstances, but rather it is employed as part of routine MR imaging of the brain. Because the information derived from diffusion measurements can improve our understanding of pathologic processes and can influence patient care,
