Influence Mechanism of SiO 2 on the Oxidation Behavior and Induration Process of Hongge Vanadium Titanomagnetite Pellets
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DUCTION
VANADIUM titanomagnetite (VTM) is a unique mineral found in China, Russia, Australia, South Africa, Canada, and New Zealand.[1–3] Hongge VTM (HVTM) deposited in the Panzhihua-Xichang area is the largest VTM resource in China, consisting of iron, titanium, and vanadium along with high chromium content.[4] The chromium reserve is estimated to be up to 900 Mt and accounts for about 68 pct of the chromium resources in China.[5] Thus, utilization of this special mineral resource has drawn considerable attention. Until now, VTM has mainly been used as a material in the blast furnace (BF) process.[6] In this process, most iron and some of the vanadium are reduced into hot metal, and titanium is almost entirely not reduced and concentrated into BF slag.[7,8] However, the valuable elements have low recovery rates, and it is difficult to deal with BF slag in an appropriate and economic manner because of its titanium components.[9] In recent decades, several coal-based processes have been developed to improve the utilization of VTM or other minerals containing titanium.[10–18] Lv et al.[10] investigated the semi-molten reduction behavior of ilmenite concentrate by using a reductant and Na2SO4
GUIQIN FU, WEI LI, MANSHENG CHU, and MIAOYONG ZHU are with the School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted January 28, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
additive. Wu et al.[14] evaluated the influences of smelting temperature, smelting time, and basicity of the VTM metallized pellet on vanadium and iron recovery. Zhao et al.[16] demonstrated the reduction behavior of vanadium and chromium during coal-based direct reduction of HVTM followed by magnetic separation. Owing to high fuel consumption, a narrow operating temperature range, and low efficiency, none of these processes have moved to large-scale commercial production. In addition, the valuable elements are not utilized effectively.[19] Thus, HVTM has not yet been exploited and applied in large-scale industrial production. To utilize HVTM efficiently, a low fuel consumption smelting process has been proposed by our laboratory; the recovery rates of valuable elements increased markedly.[20,21] In this novel, clean smelting process, HVTM is pelletized, oxidized, indurated, and reduced, after which the reduced pellets are fed into an electric furnace where separation of iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium occurs.[22–24] H2 is a clean fuel and can be used as a reducing agent to mitigate CO2 emissions; its reducing product is innocuous H2O compared to traditional ironmaking technology. Substituting H2 for CO in ironmaking technology would radically eliminate the environmental crisis caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Notably, the production of oxidized pellets is an essential procedure in HVTM utilization, and its application presents many advantages, including high physical strength, uniform size, and low degradation.[25,26] The metallurgical properties of oxidized pellets play vital roles
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