Optimization of Basicity of High Ti Slag for Efficient Smelting of Vanadium Titanomagnetite Metallized Pellets
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TRODUCTION
VANADIUM titanomagnetite ore is a complex iron ore which contains iron, vanadium, titanium, and other metal elements.[1] The Panzhihua-Xichang (Pan-Xi) region of China has abundant vanadium titanomagnetite resources, more than 9.6 billion tons.[2] The blast furnace process has been used to recover iron and vanadium.[1] However, the recovery ratio of titanium resource is meager, and most of the titanium resource enriched in blast furnace slag cannot be effectively extracted.[3] Many methods have been proposed to increase the recovery ratio of titanium and achieve the comprehensive utilization of vanadium titanomagnetite ore.[1,3–13] At present, only blast furnace (BF) process
SHUAI WANG, YUFENG GUO, FUQIANG ZHENG, FENG CHEN, LINGZHI YANG, and TAO JIANG are with the School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] MAO CHEN, and BAOJUN ZHAO are with the School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. Manuscript submitted 13 October 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
and direct reduction-electric furnace (DR-EF) process have been commercialized, whereas other methods are still under development. Both the BF process and the DR-EF process are used to extract iron and vanadium.[6] The valuable titanium resources in the slags cannot be recovered economically due to their low TiO2 contents. The excessive reduction of titanium oxides causes the generations of titanium carbide or titanium carbonitride and can sharply increase the slag viscosity, then lead to difficult separation of iron from slag.[1,14] In the BF process, coke is used as fuel and reductant, causing an excessive high reduction potential in the hearth. Ordinary iron ore has been mixed with the vanadium titanomagnetite ore to reduce the TiO2 content of titanium slag in order to mitigate the over-reduction of titanium oxides. The TiO2 content (< 25 pct) of the produced blast furnace titanium slag is too low to cost-effectively recover the titanium resource and the huge amount of stacked slag even causes serious environmental problems. In the DR-EF process, the reductant can be added accurately therefore the reduction of titanium oxides can be controlled more easily. In addition, vanadium titanomagnetite can be independently and fully utilized with this method, and it does not require the use of ordinary iron ore. Therefore, compared with the BF process, a higher titanium slag can be produced by the DR-EF
process.[2,15] It is easier to recover titanium resource from titanium slag with a higher TiO2 content using acid leaching method.[2] In the industrial operation of the DR-EF process, titanium slag contains about 30 to 33 pct TiO2 content due to excessive flux addition.[7] It is necessary to improve the DR-EF process to produce the slag containing higher titania. It is well accepted that slag basicity (CaO/SiO2) has a significant influence on the reduction behaviors of oxides and the separation beh
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