Influence of Coal Combustion Technology on Boiler Operation Efficiency
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uence of Coal Combustion Technology on Boiler Operation Efficiency V. K. Lyubov Higher School of Energy, Oil, and Gas, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, 163002 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received March 5, 2020; revised March 5, 2020; accepted June 3, 2020
Abstract—It is shown that the modernization of boilers for a low-temperature vortex (LTV) technology of coal combustion can provide a comprehensive increase in their energetic and environmental performance characteristics and the efficiency of ash collectors. Specific emissions of heavy metals with ash particles carried into the atmosphere per unit of generated energy in a boiler unit with a low-temperature vortex technology are much lower than those in a boiler with a traditional combustion system. Keywords: boiler unit, coal, hazardous substances, furnace, ash collector, heavy metals, emissions, efficiency DOI: 10.3103/S0361521920050067
In accordance with the program for the development of the electric power industry to 2030, it is planned that almost half of the coal-fired power industry should be provided with generating capacities based on new clean energy production technologies with modern systems for the removal of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and fly ash from flue gases and the ash collection and flue gas cleaning systems of current thermal power plants should be deeply modernized. However, at present, coal-fired power plants are a serious source of environmental pollution because ash and slag waste, unburned pulverized fuel particles, sulfuric and sulfurous anhydrides, nitrogen oxides, gaseous incomplete combustion products, benz(a)pyrene, etc., are formed upon the combustion of coals. In this case, heavy metals and other harmful substances are concentrated in ash and slag waste and fly ash emitted with flue gases into the atmospheric air. The dominant technology for burning coal fuel is a straight-flow pulverized coal flame (PCF) in various modifications. This combustion system made it possible to successfully solve many energy generation problems [1–15]. However, it is characterized by an increased explosiveness of dust preparation systems, the emission of significant amounts of harmful substances in the high-temperature combustion zone, and slag buildup at heated surfaces. The overwhelming majority of coal-fired power units both in Russia and abroad continue to operate using this dust-burning technology. In this case, millions of tons of fuel are crushed into dust, and a portion of it enters into the atmosphere to contribute together with other factors to smog formation. An immediate complete abandon-
ment of coal-fired generation all over the world for environmental reasons is unrealistic; however, the longterm preservation of its positions is no longer possible. In this situation, a compromise transition path opens up technologies for the low-emission combustion of fuels [7–14]. The introduction of low-emission systems for the combustion of solid fuel in fluidized bed (FB) and circulating fluidized bed (CFB) furnaces and in furn
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