Influence of Critical Parameters of Mix Proportions on Properties of MK-Based Geopolymer Concrete
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Influence of Critical Parameters of Mix Proportions on Properties of MK-Based Geopolymer Concrete Mohammed Alghannam1 · Abdulrahman Albidah1 · Husain Abbas1
· Yousef Al-Salloum1
Received: 28 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract Conventional Portland cement concrete has been extensively used in the past century due to its superior performance compared to other building materials. Recognizing the environmental impact of cement composites and global pressure toward implementation of sustainable construction materials, geopolymer concrete has been introduced as a potential alternative to conventional cement concrete. This study investigates the properties of metakaolin-based geopolymer concrete by employing various mix design parameters based on locally sourced materials. The test results reported herein comprised 16 mixes divided into three groups to understand the influence of various parameters on the workability and compressive strength of the concrete and hence optimizing the mix proportions. The outcome of this research provided insights into the curing conditions, curing age, sodium hydroxide molarity, sodium silicate content, molar ratios of the mix, and aggregate water absorption effect on the geopolymer concrete behavior. A model is proposed for deciding the water to solids ratio based on the total aggregate percentage for workable geopolymer mixes. In order to produce MK-based geopolymer concrete for structural applications, thresholds are proposed for the three molar ratios, namely sodium oxide to silicon oxide, sodium oxide to aluminum oxide, and water to sodium oxide ratios. Keywords Metakaolin · Geopolymer · Concrete · Molar ratios · Workability · Compressive strength
1 Introduction Conventional Portland cement concrete has been extensively used in the past century due its superior performance compared to other building materials. However, the environmental impact of the cement concrete production cannot be ignored, e.g., carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions as a result of Portland cement manufacturing accounts for 5–7% of global CO2 emissions of industrial and energy sources [1]. Recognizing the environmental impact of cement composites and global pressure toward implementation of sustainable construction materials, geopolymer concrete has been introduced as a potential alternative to conventional cement concrete. Structural binder in geopolymer concrete is produced by the polymerization process of a source material
B 1
Husain Abbas [email protected] Chair of Research and Studies in Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
through potassium based or sodium-based alkaline activators. A variety of source materials has been investigated in the literature including metakaolin (MK), kaolin [2, 3], fly ash [4, 5], slag [6], rice husk ash [7, 8], and other natural local pozzolans [9, 10]. Extensive research o
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