Influence of different surfactants on the stability and varying concentrations of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the rheological
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of different surfactants on the stability and varying concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles on the rheological properties of canola oil‑based nanolubricants Anil Dhanola1 · H. C. Garg1 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 26 May 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract The present study addresses the dispersion stability and rheological analysis of canola oil-based nanolubricants. The stability of canola oil-based nanolubricant was examined under different surfactants and different particle to surfactant mass ratios for the period of 30 days. The experimental results demonstrated that nanolubricants with surfactant significantly improve the dispersion stability as compared to non-surfactant lubricant. However, on the basis of visual inspection and absorbance value, the highest stability was recorded for the sample containing T iO2 to Triton X-100 mass ratio of 1:3. In addition, the influence of different concentrations of nanoparticles on the rheological behaviour of canola oil-based nanolubricants was also assessed. The outcomes showed that the nanolubricants exhibited Newtonian behaviour. The viscosity of nanolubricants increased with increase of nanoparticles concentration and decreased with temperature. Experimental values were compared with available viscosity models and a new correlation model was proposed with the margin of deviation of 1.38%. Keywords Dispersion stability · Vegetable oil · Rheology · Nanolubricants · Tribology
Introduction Conservation of energy and deterioration of materials are the major challenges for any mechanical system. Friction and wear are the main roots for such challenges. However, a favourable lubricant can prevent these issues to a certain extent. Lubricants are competent to separate the contacts in relative motion and support the load carried by the tribopairs. Mineral oils are the first choice for any process in industries for lubrication due to their impressive physical and chemical characteristics. Thereby, the demand of minerals oils has been increasing progressively. However, these lubricants have not been considered as environmentally friendly lubricants for the reason of poor biodegradability, toxicity and improper disposal. It disturbs the ecological system throughout its life cycle, from the time of production to dumping. According to the forecast, they will only be used * H. C. Garg [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
for the next 50 years (Katpatal et al. 2018). To save our ecosystem, researchers from different fields are emphasizing extensively on innovation of natural-based biomaterials (Lv et al. 2018) and tribologists are also exploring sustainable biodegradable lubricants and advise that vegetable oils may also be used for non-edible purposes such as fuels and industrial lubricants. It has been confirmed that edible oils have high viscosity index, low volatility, high flash point, high lubricity
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