Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavioral variables of caged Hyacinth Macaws ( Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavioral variables of caged Hyacinth Macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) Cristiane Tibério Checon 1
&
Derek A. Rosenfield 2
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Pedro Nacib Jorge-Neto 2
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Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto 2
Received: 26 March 2020 / Revised: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 August 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia 2020
Abstract The Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is a species considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, and many individuals are found in captivity in Brazil. In captive environments, due to the lack of stimuli, these animals demonstrate abnormal behaviors due to a high degree of inactivity. Among the strategies to minimize this problem, increase the natural behavior, and improve the well-being are the techniques of environmental enrichment of the enclosure. In order to investigate the effectiveness of these techniques for this species, we evaluated two distinct phases: the time before and the time during the implementation of enrichment, using an ethogram. The method employed was based on the sample session by time interval, totaling 20 h per individual, per phase. As an enrichment, natural objects (branches, vines, and leaves) were assembled into mobiles, containing pieces of the animal’s daily diet. The electivity index was applied to compare the use of different quadrants and the different locations in the enclosure. The results showed greater exploration of the enclosure, a reduction of abnormal behaviors, and a decrease of inactivity. The quadrants were more used by both couples during the environmental enrichment phase and the decrease in the use of wire mesh was offset by the increase in ground use. In view of the results found, we conclude that environmental enrichment demonstrated to be an important tool in the management of captive hyacinth macaws, providing a better quality of life. Keywords Behavior . Electivity index . Management . Psittacidae . Well-being
Introduction Anodorhynchus is one of six Brazilian macaw genera, including three blue macaw species (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, A. leari, and A. glaucus—already extinct). The Hyacinth Macaw (A. hyacinthinus) has the largest wild population of its genus and the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (2016) classified the species as “Vulnerable.” The main threats are the illegal pet trade and anthropogenic habitat degradation. In Brazil, many specimens of Hyacinth Macaws are found in captivity, as in zoos, legal breeders, rehabilitation centers, or even private residences. Awareness campaigns in local human communities have apparently led to a capture reduction for the illegal pet market. The Brazilian’s federal government conservation Communicated by: Eduardo Santos * Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto [email protected] 1
University of Campinas – UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
2
Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, USP, São Paulo, Brazil
agency, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio, changed the species status t
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