Influence of Gamma Radiation Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fibers to Use into Composite Materials
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ISSN 1229-9197 (print version) ISSN 1875-0052 (electronic version)
Influence of Gamma Radiation Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fibers to Use into Composite Materials Bruno Dorneles de Castro1*, Kláudia Maria Machado Neves Silva2, Rômulo Maziero1, Paulo Eustáquio de Faria2, Priscila Pereira Silva-Caldeira3, and Juan Carlos Campos Rubio1,2 1
Post-Graduate Program in Mechanical Engineering - PPGMEC, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2 Post-Graduate Program in Production Engineering - PPGEP, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil 3 Department of Chemistry, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, 30421-169, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Received October 14, 2019; Revised November 21, 2019; Accepted December 6, 2019) Abstract: The use of treatments in natural fibers is largely used, because it can improve the interfacial adhesion of polymer composites. However, the choice of the most appropriate treatment should take into account environmental factors, due to the need of new materials to meet requirements related to the concept of sustainability. This article investigated the influence of the mercerization, acetylation and gamma radiation treatments on the mechanical properties of sisal fibers, to use in composite materials. Experimental conditions were defined with different concentrations of reagents and radiation doses in order to understand the impact of these reactions on the tensile properties of sisal fibers. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the fiber degradation process and the chemical modifications after the treatments. The use of mercerization (0.1 M and 1.0 M NaOH concentrations) combined with acetylation increased the hydrophobic character of the sisal fiber, which may improve its interaction with polymeric matrices. In addition, mercerized sisal fiber at 0.5 M NaOH concentration, exposed to 25 kGy gamma radiation dose, showed physical and chemical structural changes that positively influence the fiber-matrix adhesion in polymer composite materials. All treatments made can reduce the natural tensile properties of the sisal fibers, because they can remove fundamental components to the structure and the stiffening of these fibers. Considering changes in the mechanical behavior, the use of gamma radiation presented similar results of the traditional chemical treatments, being less aggressive to the fibers and not causing the same negative impact on the environment. Keywords: Natural fibers, Mercerization, Acetylation, Gamma radiation, Composites
among others [8]. It is composed of cellulose (67-78 %), hemicellulose (10-14 %), lignin (8-11 %), pectin (10 %) and waxes [9], and have mechanical properties that vary along the length of the leaf fiber and also depend on the density presented by the fiber, as shown in Table 1. The structure of the cellulose present in the sisal fiber (Figure 1) has a
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