Influence of manganese (Mn) substitution on structural, infrared and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 nanoceramics
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Influence of manganese (Mn) substitution on structural, infrared and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 nanoceramics Smita P. More1, Mangesh V. Khedkar1, Deepali D. Andhare1, Ashok V. Humbe1, and K. M. Jadhav1,* 1
Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004, India
Received: 24 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 14 September 2020
In the present study, pure barium titanate (BT) and Mn-doped barium titanate nanoceramics were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was employed to identify the phase purity and crystal structure of prepared nanoparticles. The analysis of XRD suggests that the sample x = 0.00, 0.05 possess a tetragonal structure with space group P4mmm, while x = 0.15, 0.25 shows the hexagonal structure with space group P63mmc. Using XRD data, the lattice constant ‘a’ and ‘c’ was determined for all the samples. The other structural parameters such as c/a unit cell volume, crystallite size, X-ray density, and lattice strain, were also obtained using XRD data. The dielectric study was carried out using LCR-Q meter as a function of frequency. All the dielectric parameters get decreased with increasing frequency. Thus, the doping of Mn in BaTiO3 leads to phase transformation from tetragonal to hexagonal structure and shows strong frequency dependence.
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1 Introduction Amongst the ferroelectric materials, BaTiO3 (BT) perovskite structures are of current interest to the scientist and technologists as they exhibit excellent ferroelectric, dielectric properties piezoelectric, and electro-optic [1]. These materials are widely studied by many researchers. They have been used by various electronic devices such as ceramics, capacitors, sensors, and transducers, pyroelectric detectors, memory cells, capacitors, dielectric resonators, electromechanical systems, fillers, etc. [2–4].
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04500-6
BaTiO3 belongs to ABO3 type perovskite ferroelectric materials where A and B represent cations of different sizes and values (where A is Ba and B is Ti) where structure possesses 6-fold co-ordinates is cation in the middle, 12-fold co-ordinates A cation in the center and anion oxygen in the center of the face [5]. The packing of the ions can be thought of as the A and O lie together forming close-packed structure. BaTiO3 exhibits different structures at different temperatures. In between 0 °C and 130 °C it exhibits tetragonal structure. It shows cubic structure above 130 °C. It exhibits rhombohedral structure, when
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
temperature is greater than - 90 °C, above 1460 °C it exhibits hexagonal structure [6]. The difference is radii of A and B can lead to various types of structure and also the properties can be altered by doping a suitable cation at A and B site. The method of preparation also influences the ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3. Usually, BaTiO
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