Influence of Oxidation on the High-Temperature Tribological Properties of Tungsten-Carbide-Reinforced Cu-Ni-Mn Composite
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INTRODUCTION
HIGH-TEMPERATURE wear results in considerable energy loss and material degradation.[1] Minimizing friction and wear can reduce the consumption of materials and pollution. The service life of components operating under high-stress conditions can be extended by deposition of high wear-resistance coatings. Therefore, there is increasing demand to improve the operating performance of components in the surface engineering industry to satisfy the stringent requirements of tribosystems operated at high temperatures.[2,3] Metal matrix composites have been widely studied for various tribological applications owing to their unique microstructures and beneficial wear-resistance properties.[4–6] Copper-based matrix composites have gained significant attention owing to their good mechanical and tribological performances as well as ease of manufacture.[7–9] In our previous studies, Cu-Ni-Mn-based metal matrix composite hardfacing coatings reinforced with
SHUAI YANG, XUEWEI MENG, JUN LIU, CHIBIN GUI, and WEISHENG XIA are with the State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted September 1, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
tungsten-carbide (WC) particles were deposited on steel substrates using a manual oxy-acetylene weld hardfacing method, exhibiting excellent wear-resistance performance under three-body abrasive and sliding wear conditions at room temperature.[10,11] Moreover, the prepared WC/Cu-Ni-Mn composites exhibited high wear-resistance performance at room temperature.[12,13] Because of their high wear resistance, the WC/ Cu-Ni-Mn composite deposits represent a possible alternative in industrial fields such as the automotive (pistons or cylinders); energetic (well-head valves) or steelmaking plants (copper molds)[14]; and wood product (cutting tools) industries.[15] In particular, the service temperature of cutting tools can reach 300 °C, so it is necessary to investigate the performance of WC/ Cu-Ni-Mn composites at elevated temperatures. It is well known that high working temperatures affect the wear performance of materials by decreasing their mechanical strength and enhancing oxidation, significantly influencing high-temperature sliding wear performance.[16,17] Especially for composite coatings with high hard-phase contents, mismatching between the matrix and the hard-phase properties increases with an increase in service temperature.[18] Generally, oxidation causes material degradation and reduces wear resistance. However, it has been reported that the surface oxide layers generated during oxidative wear can reduce the contact wear loss and act as a protective intermediate tribofilm between metallic contact surfaces.[19–24] Moreover,
surface oxide layers can be formed during the initial severe wear running-in period.[25] In this study, Cu-Ni-Mn alloy coatings and a related composite coating reinforced with WC particles were prepared on ste
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