Influence of prior and visual information on eye movements in amblyopic children
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Influence of prior and visual information on eye movements in amblyopic children Coralie Hemptinne 1,2
&
Nicolas Deravet 1,3 & Jean-Jacques Orban de Xivry 4,5 & Philippe Lefèvre 1,3 & Demet Yüksel 1,2
Received: 5 March 2020 / Revised: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study analyzed the characteristics of pursuit and assessed the influence of prior and visual information on eye velocity and saccades in amblyopic and control children, in comparison to adults. Eye movements of 41 children (21 amblyopes and 20 controls) were compared to eye movements of 55 adults (18 amblyopes and 37 controls). Participants were asked to pursue a target moving at a constant velocity. The target was either a ‘standard’ target, with a uniform color intensity, or a ‘noisy’ target, with blurry edges, to mimic the blurriness of an amblyopic eye. Analysis of pursuit patterns showed that the onset was delayed, and the gain was decreased in control children with a noisy target in comparison to amblyopic or control children with a standard target. Furthermore, a significant effect of prior and visual information on pursuit velocity and saccades was found across all participants. Moreover, the modulation of the effect of visual information on the pursuit velocity by group, that is amblyopes or controls with a standard target, and controls with a noisy target, was more limited in children. In other words, the effect of visual information was higher in control adults with a standard target compared to control children with the same target. However, in the case of a blurry target, either in control participants with a noisy target or in amblyopic participants with a standard target, the effect of visual information was larger in children. Keywords Child . Adult . Amblyopia . Smooth pursuit . Saccade . Short-term memory
1 Introduction Humans visually interact with their environment using smooth pursuit and saccades (Orban De Xivry and Lefèvre 2007). Saccades and smooth pursuit are programmed in the brain taking into account sensory visual inputs and predictions
Action Editor: Aasef G. Shaikh * Coralie Hemptinne [email protected] 1
Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain, La-Neuve, Belgium
2
Ophthalmology Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
3
Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics, and Applied Mathematics, Louvain, La-Neuve, Belgium
4
Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
5
Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
based on a short-term memory of prior visual information (Deravet et al. 2018). The models that integrate these two inputs include the Bayesian integration and the Kalman filtering, with weights linked to these two inputs’ reliability (Orban de Xivry et al. 2013). Given their lower ability to estimate the posi
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