Influence of process parameters on forming quality of Cu-Fe joints by laser shock hole-clinching
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Influence of process parameters on forming quality of Cu-Fe joints by laser shock hole-clinching Chao Zheng 1 & Yiliang Zhang 1 & Guoqun Zhao 1 & Zhong Ji 1 & Yantao Sun 2 Received: 29 February 2020 / Accepted: 9 August 2020 / Published online: 17 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Laser shock hole-clinching is a novel mechanical joining process in which the shock wave pressure induced by a high-energy pulsed laser is employed as a punch. This process is quite suitable for the joining of two dissimilar materials with significant differences in plasticity and strength. However, the effect of key process parameters on the forming quality of joints by laser shock hole-clinching is less concerned. In this study, the influence of laser power density, spacer height, number of laser pulse, and initial grain size of metal foils on the forming quality of Cu-Fe joints was experimentally investigated. The characteristics of interlock value and thinning rate distribution under various process parameters were systematically examined. It is revealed that laser shock hole-clinching process can be divided into the confined bulging and interlock formation stages. Based upon the examination of substandard joints, the defects in laser shock hole-clinching process are classified which contains no interlock, nonuniform interlock, bottom and neck fracture. It is found that the thinnest position of joints locates at the region in contact with the upper corner of the joining partner II in which extensive plastic deformation occurs related to the force acting during clinching process. The interlock value increases significantly as the enlargement of initial grain size, whereas the deviation also becomes larger due to the inhomogeneous plastic deformation for the metal foil with coarse grains. Moreover, the ratio of spacer height to the thickness of the joining partner II affects the thinning rate distribution and interlock value of joints. The spacer height equaling to the thickness of the joining partner II is recommended within the given parameters. Keywords Laser shock forming . Laser shock clinching . Process parameter . Forming quality analysis . Plastic deformation
1 Introduction The joining of dissimilar materials provides a promising approach to integrating different materials with unique properties, and to forming hybrid structures with optimal, lightweight, and high product performance, which meets the trend of assembling an increased number of functions within one part in industries. The dissimilar materials concerned in the joining domain can be described as materials which are difficult to join together, either due to their individual chemical
* Chao Zheng [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 17923 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250061, People’s Republic of China
2
Shandong Zongde Electromechanical Equipment Co., Lt
