Influence of the Grinding Media Applying in the Soft Coal and Waste Biomass on the Carbothermic Reduction Process of Sil
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Influence of the Grinding Media Applying in the Soft Coal and Waste Biomass on the Carbothermic Reduction Process of Silica Shichao Zhou 1,2 & Zhengjie Chen 1,2,3 & Guang Yin 4 & Wenhui Ma 1,2,3 & Shijie Cao 1,2 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the composition of a grinding medium on the reactivity of mixed carbon materials. Orange peel (OP) was mechanically ground into powder with soft coal (SC) under different media. The potential value of the carbonaceous reducing agent in industrial silicon production was assessed based on reaction performance during thermal gravimetric analysis. The samples underwent Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the structural transformation and morphology of the reactants. The results indicated that the initial temperature of the reaction could be decreased by wet grinding. The maximum reaction rate of WGE–Si (SC, OP and silica mixed by wet grinding with ethanol) increased by 15.87% with a 7.19% reduction in activation energy relative to that of WGE. An unconventional method of grinding was proposed in this study, and our experimental results demonstrated its validity and superiority. Analysis and calculation results provide theoretical guidance and reference for the practical application of SC and waste biomass as a valuable and renewable carbonaceous reducing agent in the sustainable and clean production of silicon. Keywords Industrial silicon production . Carbonaceous reducing agent . Reactivity . Soft coal . Orange peel
1 Introduction The rapidly developing industrialization and growing population worldwide have created an increasing need for energy, which has drawn attention to find an environment-friendly alternative energy source [1–3]. The combustion of fossil fuels is the major source of greenhouse gases, which are behind the global challenge of climate change [4]. As one of the cleanest and non-polluting resources, solar energy is being viewed as a renewable power source with considerable * Zhengjie Chen [email protected] 1
Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Cleaning Utilization in Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
3
The National Engineering Laboratory for Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
4
Kunming Railway Vocational and Technical College, Kunming 650093, China
potential [5, 6]. In solar energy utilization, solar energy can be converted into a useful form of energy by photovoltaic devices, such as solar cells and solar thermal collectors [7, 8]. The solar photovoltaic industry with silicon as a raw material has developed rapidly in recent years because of energy shortage [9, 10]. Silicon is produced using a carboth
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