Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on physical properties of nano-NiO films for optical applications
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Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on physical properties of nano‑NiO films for optical applications M. Rashad1,2 · A. A. A. Darwish1,3 · Saleem I. Qashou4 · K. F. Abd El‑Rahman5 Received: 14 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract NiO nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by microwave irradiation technique. The resulted NiO NPs were affirmed during chemical precipitation by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization. XRD showed five distinguishable peaks of NiO. The nano-NiO films were fabricated by drop solution, while the films were irradiated by UV light at different exposure periods of 0, 1, 3, and 5 h. The crystalline size of nano-NiO films was decreased from 27 to 16 nm by UV irradiation process. On the other hand, the conductivity of nano-NiO films has been observed to be increased under the effect of UV irradiation. Also, the optical constants were calculated in the range of 300–2500 nm. The mechanism of the electronic transition of the present sample was characterized by the direct allowed transition, whereas the band energy gap of the asdeposited was evaluated to be 3.81 eV and declined to 2.93 eV for the UV-irradiated film exposed to the UV rays for 5 h. However, the calculated non-linear optical parameters have been found to increase as the irradiation time exposure increases. Keywords NiO · Nano-films · UV irradiation · Electrical properties · Optical properties
1 Introduction In recent days, the research on nano-materials adopts a based nanotechnology material approach to show the leverage of using these materials in the material metrology and to support the widespread fabrication of microelectronic devices. Further, nanoscale engineering materials often exhibit distinct electronic, mechanical, or optical characteristics [1, 2]. For instance, the nano-metal oxides (such as NiO, MnO, CoO, and F e2O3), which are characterized by their ionic rock-salt structure [3], are usually applied in several * M. Rashad [email protected] 1
Department of Physics and Nanotechnology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Asyût, Egypt
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Education at Al‑Mahweet, Sana’a University, Al‑Mahweet, Yemen
4
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13132, Jordan
5
Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
applications, such as memory devices [4], condensers, biomedical detection [5] and gas sensors [6]. The examination of the photo-induced effect on the structural, electrical, and optical merits of the materials is one of the real goals to clarify the processes and functional implications of the phenomena that can be produced inside these materials. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the optical gap of the material will be shifted to the low or to the high energy depending on many conditions, s
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