Influences of diel and tidal cycles on fish assemblage in eelgrass ( Zostera marina ) bed of southern Korea during autum
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Influences of diel and tidal cycles on fish assemblage in eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed of southern Korea during autumn KWAK Seok Nam1, PARK Joo Myun2, 3*, IM Seong Oh4, JAWAD Laith A.5 1 Environ–Ecological Engineering Institute Co., Ltd., Busan 48280, Republic of Korea 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia 3 Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea 4 Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul 05718, Republic of Korea 5 Flat Bush, Manukau, Auckland 2016, New Zealand
Received 2 January 2017; accepted 15 September 2017 ©The Chinese Society of Oceanography and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract
Short-term tidal and diel variations of autumn fish assemblage in a Zostera marina bed were investigated using 3 h interval samplings for 24 h in both spring and neap tide using a small beam trawl. A total of 1 346 fishes belonging to 19 species were collected at spring tide, whereas 1 115 fishes belonging to 17 species were at neap tide. The common fish species were Nuchequula nuchalis, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Takifugu niphobles, Acentrogobius pflaumii, and Pholis nebulosa with the former three species dominating at spring tide, while the latter two species being abundant at neap tide. Diel variation in abundance was significant with higher abundance at night than day, but there were no significant differences between spring and neap tides, and between ebb and flood tides (three-way ANOVAs). Diel variation in the abundance of fishes may be influenced by tidal range and cycle, and day-night differences of food availability and behaviors of fishes indirectly. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) ordination and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) results revealed significant differences in species compositions both between day and night, and between spring and neap tide. Eelgrass beds are highly productive marine ecosystem, and thus, our results will contribute to conservation of seagrass ecosystem in the study area. Key words: tidal and diel variations, fish assemblage, eelgrass, Zostera marina, southern Korea Citation: Kwak Seok Nam, Park Joo Myun, Im Seong Oh, Jawad Laith A.. 2018. Influences of diel and tidal cycles on fish assemblage in eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed of southern Korea during autumn. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(4): 40–47, doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1174-8
1 Introduction Seagrass beds have long been recognized as important habitats for various benthic invertebrates due to high primary productivity and organic materials they support (Thayer et al., 1975). These habitats also provide feeding grounds, shelter or nursery ground for early stage of fishes (Klumpp et al., 1989; Huh and Kwak, 1997c; Jenkins and Wheatley, 1998; Guidetti, 2000; Hemminga and Duarte, 2000). In many shallow seagrass habitats, tidal and diel effects are important factors that control fish assemblages (Sogard et al., 1989), and these effects may have one of the greatest influences on
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