Information Computing and Applications Third International Conferenc
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Information Computing and Applications, ICICA 2012, held in Chengde, China, in September 2012. The 100 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 10
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Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany
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Baoxiang Liu Maode Ma Jincai Chang (Eds.)
Information Computing and Applications Third International Conference, ICICA 2012 Chengde, China, September 14-16, 2012 Proceedings
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Volume Editors Baoxiang Liu Jincai Chang Hebei United University, College of Science Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China E-mail: [email protected];[email protected] Maode Ma Nanyang Technological University, Singapore E-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-642-34061-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-34062-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-34062-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2012948398 CR Subject Classification (1998): C.2, D.2, C.2.4, I.2.11, C.1.4, D.2.7 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. Internet/Web and HCI
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Welcome to the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Computing and Applications (ICICA 2012), which was held during September 14–16, 2012, in Mountain Resort, Chengde, China. As information technology advances, information computing and applications are becoming increasingly specialized. Information computing and
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