Information Technology and Product Development
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Short Communication
Marine Biotechnology
J Mar Biotechnol (1998) 6:266–267
© Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1998
Vibrio spp., the dominant flora in shrimp hatchery against some fish pathogenic viruses* S. Direkbusarakom,1 M. Yoshimizu,2 Y. Ezura,2 L. Ruangpan,1 and Y. Danayadol1 1
National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture, Songkhla 90000, Thailand; and 2Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041, Japan Received 2 October 1997/Accepted 18 March 1998
Abstract. Two strains of Vibrio spp., NICA 1030 and NICA 1031, which are the dominant flora in shrimp hatcheries, were studied for antiviral activity by exposing them to the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV) before being inoculated to the CHSE-214 cells. Antiviral activities were exhibited as plaque reduction percentages of 98 and 92% for the NICA 1030 and of 99 and 62% for the NICA 1031, respectively.
A serious problem for intensive shrimp culture systems is stress, which generally makes the shrimp less resistant to disease. Two possible causes for this during suddenly changing environments in ponds are disruption of the natural dynamic balance of bacterial flora and the abilities of certain disease organisms to tolerate a wider variety of conditions (Garriques and Arevalo 1995). Vibrio spp. are bacteria found in often large numbers in both natural seawater and aquacultural areas. They exist in a high numbers in both the water and sediment of shrimp ponds, especially in an intensive culture system (Ruangpan et al. 1995). Many species are opportunistic shrimp pathogens (Nash et al. 1992), some produce antiviral substances (Kamai et al. 1987), and some are even recommended for use as a growth promoting agent in shrimp hatcheries (Maeda and Liao, 1992). It is now suspected that organisms such as Vibrio spp. play a much wider role in shrimp culture than previously thought (Garriques and Arevalo 1995). This study aimed to screen the antiviral characteristics of two strains of Vibrio isolated from water taken from shrimp hatcheries. Fish viruses were used in the tests since
* This paper was presented at APMBC ’97 Thailand, 7–10 May 1997. Correspondence to: S. Direkbusarakom. Fax: 66-74-442-054; e-mail: [email protected]
there is currently no cell line available for the culture and maintenance of shrimp viruses. Materials and Methods Bacterial isolation Two strains of Vibrio were isolated from water obtained from the black tiger shrimp hatchery at the National Institute of Coastal Aquaculture (NICA), Songkla, Thailand. They were then purified and identified using the biochemical characterization method of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 1 (Krieg and Holt 1984). The strains were maintained in 1% NaCl of trypticase soy agar (TSA) at room temperature until use.
Viruses and cell culture Two salmonid pathogenic viruses, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and Oncorhynchus masou virus (OMV), were used. They were inoculated in CHSE-214 cell line (F
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