Inhomogeneous Warm Deformation Behavior and Its Effect on the Deformability of an Fe-6.5PctSi Alloy with Ce Doping
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INTRODUCTION
THE Fe-6.5pctSi alloy (high silicon electrical steel) possesses excellent soft magnetic properties, such as near-zero magnetostriction, low iron loss, and high permeability, making it an ideal soft magnetic material in high-frequency electrical equipment, energy-saving transformers, and electric vehicles.[1,2] The high silicon content and the large amount of hard ordered structures (B2 and D03) lead to an extremely poor ductility of the alloy, which is reflected by a near-zero room temperature tensile elongation to failure of the common casting alloy; this behavior seriously restricts the fabrication
XUAN YU is with the Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P.R. China. GUANGTAO LIN and ZHIHAO ZHANG are with the Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. JIANXIN XIE is with the Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, and also with the Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Contact e-mail: jxxie@ mater.ustb.edu.cn Manuscript submitted September 3, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
and application of thin sheet products made of this alloy.[3] By focusing on the brittleness and structural features of the Fe-6.5pctSi alloy, thin sheet fabrication methods such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD),[4] rapid solidification,[5] and the hot rolling/directional solidification-warm rolling-cold rolling method[6,7] were developed; however, the brittleness problem still widely hinders the efficient fabrication and industrial output of Fe-6.5pctSi alloy thin sheets because they break easily and have a low yield. Improving the deformability, especially the warm and cold rolling deformability of the Fe-6.5pctSi alloy, is a significant prerequisite to expand the industrial application of the alloy. Compared to hot rolling, warm rolling can increase the thickness accuracy, reduce the ordered degree of Fe-6.5pctSi alloy sheets, and contribute to the ductility improvement and subsequent large deformation during cold rolling,[8] making warm rolling a key procedure in the cold-rolled thin sheet fabrication process of the alloy. However, because the ductility of the alloy is still poor at the middle temperature (300 C to 500 C) and sensitive to temperature fluctuations, cracking and non-uniform deformation phenomena easily occur during the warm rolling procedure; this behavior makes warm rolling a ‘‘weak link’’ in the rolling fabrication process of the alloy, rendering the investigation and improvement of warm
deformation behavior important research topics.[8–10] Deformation disordering[8] and deformation twinning in columnar grains[9] are two primary warm deformation behavior types that can improve the deformability of the Fe-6.5pctSi alloy. Recently, improving the properties of the Fe-6.5pctSi alloy by rare earth (RE) doping has been brought to
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