Innovations and Breakthroughs in the Gold and Silver Industries Conc
The book describes all aspects of technical innovation related to the gold and silver industries, from ore identification through to processing. It includes details of comminution, pre-concentration and beneficiation, commercially available and recently d
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vations and Breakthroughs in the Gold and Silver Industries Concepts, Applications and Future Trends
Innovations and Breakthroughs in the Gold and Silver Industries
Vaikuntam Iyer Lakshmanan • Barun Gorain Editors
Innovations and Breakthroughs in the Gold and Silver Industries Concepts, Applications and Future Trends
Editors Vaikuntam Iyer Lakshmanan Process Research Ortech Inc. Mississauga, ON, Canada
Barun Gorain Hindustan Zinc Limited Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
ISBN 978-3-030-32548-0 ISBN 978-3-030-32549-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32549-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
This book is dedicated to Shelina and Sarada for their infinite patience and lifelong unwavering support.
Preface
Gold and silver have been considered stores of value since the dawn of human civilization. Historically, gold and silver have received love and affection from all, whether poor or rich. Gold and silver have been used as currency in the past but now are traded as commodities. The gold and silver mining industry creates jobs all over the world, in developing and developed countries as well as in and rural and urban areas. It creates well-paying jobs in distant communities that last for many years. The mining of gold and silver is highly capital-intensive. Many tonnes of feed ore are mined and processed for recovering a few grams of gold. The trend of decreasing ore grades along with increasing ore complexity necessitates more water, energy, and advanced technologies, leading to higher operating costs and lower profit margins for companies. In addition, there are significant environmental and safety challenges. Industry uses reage
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