Innovations in Chemical Biology
The growing role of chemistry, combined with the contribution of chemical and pharmaceutical industries to the science of mankind, are continuously advancing. The system for training researchers in the various areas of chemistry has maintained a largely t
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Functional Peptidomics: Recent Developments and State of Art Vadim T. Ivanov, E. Yu. Blishchenko, and Andrey A. Karelin
Abstract Peptidomic research recently reviewed in is gradually establishing its position among other branches of biomolecular science, such as genomics and proteomics dealing with progressive stages of transformation of primary genetic information. Scope and limitations of modern analytical techniques in total screening of biological objects for endogenous peptides will be discussed. New data will be presented on peptide generation by microorganisms, cell cultures and plants. Considerable attention will be afforded to the biological role of peptides formed in vivo by proteolysis of precursor proteins with other, well defined functions, such as hemoglobin or actin. Peptidomic research provides access to a huge number of potentially or factually active components which is an invaluable source of peptide drug leads. The first steps in medically oriented peptidomic studies will be discussed. Keywords Antiproliferative effect, biomolecules, cancer, genom, peptides, peptidome, transcriptome
Introduction Rapid development of modern analytical, primarily chromatographic and mass-spectral techniques coupled with growing availability of genomic sequences provided conditions for total screening of biological samples for any given class of biomolecules participating in metabolism. As a result several new branches of chemical biology, based on postgenomic technological platforms have emerged dealing with such analysis and carrying in their names common suffix “omics”, such as proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, etc. This paper refers to one of such branches, peptidomics that deals with comprehensive structural and functional study of peptides in biological samples. By analogy with proteome, the term “peptidome” embraces the
Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
B. Sener (ed.), Innovations in Chemical Biology, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-69550 © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009
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entire multitude of endogenous peptides present in a given biological sample. It is considered as a final step in the metabolic sequence of transformation of primary genetic information: genome→transcriptome→proteome→peptidome In that sense peptides represent a paramount example of how Nature diversifies from one single gene to generate multiple sets of biomolecules resulting from degradation of proteins by a complex network of proteases present in a living cell. Besides broadening our basic knowledge of regulatory networks there are several practical incentives for systematic peptidomic studies of biological objects. Peptides are known to participate in a variety of physiological functions in nervous, endocrine, immune and other systems. In fact, they comprise the most abundant and ubiquitous group of low molecular bioregulators, serving in many cases as leads for development of new drugs. Accordingly, discovery of new endogenous
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