Innovations in Power Systems Reliability
Electrical grids are, in general, among the most reliable systems in the world. These large interconnected systems, however, are subject to a host of challenges - aging infrastructure, transmission expansion to meet growing demand, distributed resources,
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George Anders Alfredo Vaccaro Editors
Innovations in Power Systems Reliability
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Editors Prof. George Anders Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science Technical University of Lodz Lodz Poland e-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Alfredo Vaccaro Department of Engineering Università degli studi del Sannio Piazza Roma 21 82100 Benevento Italy e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1614-7839 ISBN 978-0-85729-087-8
e-ISBN 978-0-85729-088-5
DOI 10.1007/978-0-85729-088-5 Springer London Dordrecht Heidelberg New York British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Ó Springer-Verlag London Limited 2011 MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA, 01760-2098 USA, http://www.mathworks.com Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licenses issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar, Berlin/Figueres Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Electric power networks are, in general, among the most complex yet most reliable systems engineered by man. However, these large interconnected systems often operate under high stresses because of the increasing demand for electric energy and the difficulty of improving the infrastructure due to economic and environmental constraints. The major challenges facing the electric power industry today include the need for balancing resource adequacy, safety, network reliability, stability, economics, environmental and other public objectives to optimize resources while satisfying the growing demand. This optimization must be performed with due consideration of such constraints as having to meet reliability criteria and stability margins. Armed with such a vision, this book covers a wide spectrum of issues ranging from methods for balancing the resources to various reliability and security aspects of the electrical grid. These topics are presented by a number of prominent researchers, scientists and practitioners from many countries. Whi
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