Inorganic Iron Supplementation Rescues Hematological Insufficiency Even Under Intense Exercise Training in a Mouse Model
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Inorganic Iron Supplementation Rescues Hematological Insufficiency Even Under Intense Exercise Training in a Mouse Model of Iron Deficiency with Anemia Koichiro Sumi 1
&
Kinuyo Munakata 1 & Saori Konno 1 & Kinya Ashida 1 & Koichi Nakazato 2
Received: 23 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) due to malnutrition and/or blood loss is a common condition, especially in women of reproductive age. Intense exercise can induce anemia via an inflammatory response, but whether intense exercise affects the efficacy of iron supplementation to treat IDA is unclear. Here, we show in a mouse model of IDA that acute intense swimming increased IL-6 levels in the blood, but did not affect the maximum elevation of plasma iron following oral administration of 0.5 mg/kg Bw iron. However, compared with the control group without intense exercise, acute intense swimming was associated with a significant decrease in plasma iron 2 and 4 h after iron loading that could be attributed to rapid iron absorption in peripheral tissues. In the chronic experiment, IDA mice administered 0.36, 1.06, or 3.2 mg/kg Bw iron per day that were subjected to 11 intense swimming sessions over 3 weeks showed significantly decreased recovery levels for hemoglobin and red blood cell count during the early phase of the experimental period. At the end of the experimental period, significant, dose-dependent effects of iron, but not the main effect of intense exercise, were seen for recovery of hemoglobin and red blood cell counts, consistent with the acute exercise study. These results suggested that intense exercise in the presence of IDA does not inhibit iron absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and that iron supplementation can enhance the recovery process even after intense exercise. Keywords Exercise . Iron deficiency anemia . Iron . IL-6 . Mouse
Introduction Iron is an essential micronutrient that plays major roles in oxygen transport, short-term oxygen storage, and energy
* Koichiro Sumi [email protected] Kinuyo Munakata [email protected] Saori Konno [email protected] Kinya Ashida [email protected] Koichi Nakazato [email protected] 1
Food Microbiology and Function Research Laboratories, R&D Division, Meiji Co., Ltd., 1-29-1 Nanakuni, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192-0919, Japan
2
Department of Exercise Physiology, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1 Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
production as a component of hemoglobin (Hb), myoglobin (Mb), and cytochromes, respectively [1]. Given the toxicity of free iron that can promote the production of reactive oxygen species, iron levels are highly controlled through protein interactions that mediate cellular iron intake, storage, and transport [2]. Humans do not have an active iron excretion mechanism, and mainly regulate the amount of iron in the body by controlling iron absorption from the digestive tract [2, 3, 1]. Iron loss occurs through sweating, skin desquamation, a
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