Insect Pest complex of jackfruit in South India
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Insect Pest complex of jackfruit in South India Soumya Kallekkattil 1,2 & Aswatha Krishnamoorthy 1 & Melally G Venkatesha 3 Received: 24 August 2019 / Accepted: 2 January 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract A survey of jackfruit fields located in the southern region of India was carried out during 2013–2016 to find out the occurrence, nature of damage and abundance of various pests on jackfruit. Fifty-one species of insect pests were recorded on jackfruit from south Indian states (Karnataka, Kerala and Tamilnadu), of which seven species viz., Coptosoma siamicum Walker (Coleoptera: Plataspidae), Apheliona indica Dworakowska & Sohi, Kolla ceylonica Melichar (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), Eurybrachys tomentosa Fabricius (Hemiptera: Eurybrachidae), Eupaleopada concinna Westwood (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Coccidohystrix insolita Green (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Cysteochila delineata Distant (Hemiptera: Tingidae) are the first record on jackfruit. A maximum number of pests (46 species) were recorded from Karnataka, followed by Tamilnadu (31 species) and Kerala (29 species). Keywords Artocarpus heterophyllus . Pests . Seasonal incidence
Introduction Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus is an economically important crop that has a potential market, especially for processed food items. Jackfruit is an indigenous crop to India which has not been fully exploited commercially. A large number of insect species are adapted to feed on a variety of plants causing severe damage to crops. In spite of all the advances made in crop protection technologies, losses caused by pests have been increasing in the modern day of agriculture. Like any other crop, jackfruit is also vulnerable to the attack of insect pests. More than 250 species of insects, eight species of mites and seven species of nematodes have been reported to be infesting jackfruit trees all over the world (Alam 1962). According to Tandon (1998), 38 species of insects are known to attack jackfruit in India. Butani (1979) recorded 39 different insect pest * Melally G Venkatesha [email protected]
species on jackfruit belonging to six orders viz., Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera and Thysanoptera. Insect pests of jackfruit not only reduce the production but also affect the fruit quality. Among different insect pests, jack shoot and fruit borer, Diaphania caesalis Walker (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) and bud weevil, Ochyromera artocarpi Marshall (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) have been found causing economic damage (Karim 1995; Tandon 1998). Diaphania caesalis reported causing average fruit infestation of 27.44% (Khan and Islam 2004). The pests of jackfruit should be effectively contained to enhance jackfruit production (Sidhu 2012). Very little research has been carried out on the bioecology and incidence of jackfruit pests in India and the world. Hence, the present study was conducted to understand the occurrence, nature of the damage and relative abundance of insect pests on jackfruit in three majo
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