Seasonal patterns of insect pest in major pigeonpea and chickpea growing agro-climatic zones of India and their manageme
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Seasonal patterns of insect pest in major pigeonpea and chickpea growing agro-climatic zones of India and their management inferences Kiran Gandhi Bapatla 1
&
S. K. Singh 2 & Vennila Sengottaiyan 3 & Bansa Singh 1 & N. P. Singh 1
Received: 8 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract A pest scout data in pigeonpea (leaf webber, plume moth, pod borer) and chickpea (pod borer) crops including daily insect pest counts for three successive seasons (2015/16—2017/18) at western and eastern plateau hills (agro-climatic zones) of India was analysed for spatio-temporal dynamics. Longer infestation (different crop phenological growth stages) behaviour of leaf webber and pod borer in pigeonpea and chickpea, respectively influenced their increased mean counts (incidence). Weekly mean counts of leaf webber, plume moth and pod borer in both the crops varied significantly between the seasons. Linear incremental change in mean counts of leaf webber and pod borer on pigeonpea and chickpea, respectively was observed across the seasons (interseasonal). Intra-seasonal built-up of plume moth (pigeonpea) and pod borer (pigeonpea and chickpea) mean counts was also noticed. On pigeonpea, leaf webber and plume moth mean counts never reached an economic threshold level (3 larvae/plant), but crossed the advisory level (1.5 larvae/plant). It was observed that there was incremental rise in pod borer mean counts and crossing economic threshold level over seasons in chickpea (1 larvae/m row length), while it was not the case in pigeonpea (1 larvae/ plant). Furthermore, survival and management strategies of leaf webber, plume moth and pod borer in pigeonpea and pod borer in chickpea were discussed. Keywords Leaf Webber . Pod borer . Population dynamics . Plume moth . Spatial maps . Spatio-temporal . Threshold level
Introduction The projected India population of 1.67 billion in 2050 (World Population Prospects 2015) will require the overall pulses production to increase 50% relative to levels in 2015 (ICAR-IIPR Vision 2050 2015). Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.)] and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) are the major produced pulses in India. The Maharashtra province (comes under western and eastern plateau hills agro-climatic regions of India) positioned at first and second place in production of pigeonpea (30.69%) and chickpea (18.33%), respectively (Directorate of Economics
* Kiran Gandhi Bapatla [email protected] 1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024, India
2
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow 226 101, India
3
ICAR-National Research Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi 110 012, India
and Statistics 2018). Pulse crops are highly vulnerable to pest attack, which claim for 30% losses annually (ICAR-IIPR Vision 2050 2015). More than 200 insect species feed on pigeonpea and chickpea crops. Most of these insects show sporadic or restricted distribution, or are seldom present at high densities to cause ec
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