Insights into the effects of Zn exposure on the fate of tylosin resistance genes and dynamics of microbial community dur
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Insights into the effects of Zn exposure on the fate of tylosin resistance genes and dynamics of microbial community during co-composting with tylosin fermentation dregs and swine manure Bo Zhang 1,2 & Qingbin Yuan 3 & Meng meng Wang 4 & Ruonan Sun 5 & Huiling Liu 6 & Peng Wang 1,2 Received: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Though heavy metals are widely reported to induce antibiotic resistance propagation, how antibiotic resistance changes in response to heavy metal abundances remains unclearly. In this study, the tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) and swine manure co-composting process amended with two exposure levels of heavy metal Zn were performed. Results showed that the bioavailable Zn contents decreased 2.6-fold averagely, and the removal percentage of total tylosin resistance genes was around 23.5% after the co-composting completed. Furthermore, the tylosin resistance genes and some generic bacteria may exhibited a hormetic-like dose-response with the high-dosage inhibition and low dosage stimulation induced by bioavailable Zn contents during the co-composting process, which represented a beneficial aspect of adaptive responses to harmful environmental stimuli. This study provided a comprehensive understanding and predicted risk assessment for the Zn-contaminate solid wastes deposal and suggested that low levels of Zn or other heavy metals should receive more attention for their potential to the induction of resistance bacteria and propagation of antibiotic resistance genes. Keywords Tylosin fermentation dregs . Co-composing . Antibiotic resistance genes . Zinc . Hormesis
Introduction Bo Zhang and Qingbin Yuan contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Diane Purchase * Peng Wang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin 150090, China
2
School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
3
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
4
College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
5
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
6
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
There are approximately 200,000 tons antibiotics being produced every year throughout the world (Yang et al. 2016). A large amount of solid wastes, known as antibiotics fermentation dregs (AFDs), are generated during the intensive production of antibiotics, which is becoming a severe environmental concern (Di Cesare et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2016). As the biggest antibiotic producer in the world, over 300,000 tons of AFDs are produced every year in China (Wang et al. 2020). Beside residual antibiotics, AFDs contains many kinds of byproducts and abundant heavy metals. AFDs, therefore, provide favorable environments for the prop
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