Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community on the surfaces of five cultivars of fresh tomatoes
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Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community on the surfaces of five cultivars of fresh tomatoes Yanmei Sun1 Guang Guo2 Fang Tian2 Huihai Chen1 Weijie Liu3 Meng Li4 Shiwei Wang ●
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Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria (ARGs and ARB) in vegetable or fruit pose risks to ecological environment health. However, the assessment of ARGs and ARB from one popular vegetable, fresh tomato, has not been carried out before. In this study, high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing technology were used to explore the antibiotic resistance characteristics of bacteria on five common cultivars of fresh tomatoes from supermarket. A total of 191 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected on the tomato surfaces. The distribution profile of ARGs and MGEs was different among samples, with the organic tomatoes showing more ARGs and MGEs number and relative abundance. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA and strB, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and multidrug resistance gene qacΔ1-01 were the predominant ARGs. Dominant MGEs were transposase genes, which might promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that fifteen bacterial families might be the potential hosts of ARGs, and the detected MGEs might have positive correlation with ARGs. These results revealed the bacterial ARGs and MGEs from fresh tomato, which might help guide human to pay more attention to ecological environment impacts of ARGs and ARB on the surfaces of vegetable or fruit. Keywords Fresh tomato Antibiotic resistance genes Mobile genetic elements Bacterial community ●
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Highlights Diverse ARGs and MGEs were found on tomato surfaces. ● Organic tomatoes showed more abundant ARGs and MGEs. ● Shared ARGs and MGEs were revealed on tomato surfaces. ● Network analysis displayed significant correlation among ARGs, MGEs and bacteria. ●
These authors contributed equally: Yanmei Sun, Guang Guo * Meng Li [email protected] * Shiwei Wang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
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School of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, China
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Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
Introduction In recent decades, large amounts of antibiotics are consumed by human and livestock in human medicine and animal food production (Martínez-Carballo et al. 2007). However, most of antibiotics are poorly absorbed by hosts, which results in the possibility of antibiotics exposure and subsequent antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) development in
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