Integrated modelling of potential recharge in small recharge ponds
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Integrated modelling of potential recharge in small recharge ponds Shakir Ali 1 & Narayan Chandra Ghosh 2 Received: 10 January 2018 / Accepted: 10 July 2019 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Integrated models that simultaneously simulate potential recharge and time delay for wetting front to reach water table are necessary for comprehensive and coordinated planning of managed aquifer recharge. Most of the existing models do not simultaneously simulate the potential recharge, length of advancement of wetting front, and time delay for wetting front to reach water table except the few numerical models, which are data intensive, high initial software and data setup cost, spatial and temporal discretisation depended accuracy, and time-consuming. This paper presents an integrated potential recharge simulation (IPRS) and time delay for wetting front to reach water table (TDWF) models for simultaneously simulating the potential recharge and time delay for wetting front to reach water table under time-variant inflows and outflows, respectively. The models have been derived by integrating the modified Green-Ampt model for variable water depth into the water balance equation of recharge pond. The numerical calculations of the IPRS and TDWF models are performed by the computer program written in Fortran-95. The performance comparison of the IPRS and TDWF models with HYDRUS-1D model for a hypothetical recharge pond over variety of soils showed its ability and comparability with the HYDRUS model. The models have also been successfully demonstrated for a recharge pond in a watershed in a semi-arid region of India. The IPRS model was found to be sensitive to the changes in inflow and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the bed soil of the recharge pond. The derived models will be helpful in simultaneous simulating the potential groundwater recharge and time delay to reach water table and optimum design and evaluating the effectiveness of recharge ponds and/or other surface artificial groundwater recharging facilities of any shape and size in the field. Keywords Potential recharge . Simulation model . Green-Ampt . Water balance . Recharge pond
Introduction Substantial growth of groundwater development for multiple uses in many areas of the world, especially in India, has posed serious problems of depletion of groundwater table and deterioration of groundwater quality (Shah 2009; Parimalarenganayaki and Elango 2014). To overcome such problems, managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is being promoted as an effective strategy in many countries (de Vries and Simmers 2002; Prathapar et al. 2015). In India, artificial groundwater recharging (AGR) has a similar connotation as Editorial handling: Tajudeen Iwalewa * Shakir Ali [email protected] 1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan 324 002, India
2
National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247 667, India
the MAR and is being promoted on a large scale in watershed programmes (CGWB 2013; Prathapar et
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