Integration of a Building Energy Model in an Urban Climate Model and its Application
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Integration of a Building Energy Model in an Urban Climate Model and its Application Luxi Jin1 · Sebastian Schubert1 Christoph Schneider1
· Daniel Fenner2
· Fred Meier2 ·
Received: 3 December 2019 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract We report the ability of an urban canopy model, coupled with a regional climate model, to simulate energy fluxes, the intra-urban variability of air temperature, urban-heat-island characteristics, indoor temperature variation, as well as anthropogenic heat emissions, in Berlin, Germany. A building energy model is implemented into the Double Canyon Effect Parametrization, which is coupled with the mesoscale climate model COSMO-CLM (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling in CLimate Mode) and takes into account heat generation within buildings and calculates the heat transfer between buildings and the urban atmosphere. The enhanced coupled urban model is applied in two simulations of 24-day duration for a winter and a summer period in 2018 in Berlin, using downscaled reanalysis data to a final grid spacing of 1 km. Model results are evaluated with observations of radiative and turbulent energy fluxes, 2-m air temperature, and indoor air temperature. The evaluation indicates that the improved model reproduces the diurnal characteristics of the observed turbulent heat fluxes, and considerably improves the simulated 2-m air temperature and urban heat island in winter, compared with the simulation without the building energy model. Our setup also estimates the spatio–temporal variation of wintertime energy consumption due to heating with canyon geometry. The potential to save energy due to the urban heat island only becomes evident when comparing a suburban site with an urban site after applying the same grid-cell values for building and street widths. In summer, the model realistically reproduces the indoor air temperature and its temporal variation. Keywords Building energy model · Citizen weather station · COSMO-CLM · Indoor temperature · Urban heat island
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Luxi Jin [email protected]
1
Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
2
Chair of Climatology, Institute of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Rothenburgstraße 12, 12165 Berlin, Germany
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L. Jin et al.
1 Introduction Within cities, near-surface air temperatures are typically higher than in their rural surroundings. This is known as the urban-heat-island (UHI) effect, and the temperature difference between the urban and the rural areas is then referred to as UHI intensity. In mid-latitude cities, UHI intensities are especially pronounced during night-time and in summer (Yagüe et al. 1991; Fortuniak et al. 2006; Erell and Williamson 2007; Fenner et al. 2014; Skarbit et al. 2017). Among other factors, urban near-surface air temperatures are increased by heat storage and its subsequent release, and anthropogenic heat emissions (Oke 1982), which are associated with the emissions from buildings, human metabolism, industry and power plants, an
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