Interaction of proteins with ionic liquid, alcohol and DMSO and in situ generation of gold nano-clusters in a cell
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REVIEW
Interaction of proteins with ionic liquid, alcohol and DMSO and in situ generation of gold nano-clusters in a cell Somen Nandi 1 & Sridip Parui 1 & Ritaban Halder 1 & Biman Jana 1 & Kankan Bhattacharyya 1,2
Received: 24 September 2017 / Accepted: 23 October 2017 # International Union for Pure and Applied Biophysics (IUPAB) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
Abstract In this review, we give a brief overview on how the interaction of proteins with ionic liquids, alcohols and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) influences the stability, conformational dynamics and function of proteins/enzymes. We present experimental results obtained from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy on the effect of ionic liquid or alcohol or DMSO on the size (more precisely, the diffusion constant) and conformational dynamics of lysozyme, cytochrome c and human serum albumin in aqueous solution. The interaction of ionic liquid with biomolecules (e.g. protein, DNA etc.) has emerged as a current frontier. We demonstrate that ionic liquids are excellent stabilizers of protein and DNA and, in some cases, cause refolding of a protein already denatured by chemical denaturing agents. We show that in ethanol–water binary mixture, proteins undergo non-monotonic changes in size and dynamics with increasing ethanol content. We also discuss the effect of water–DMSO mixture on the stability of proteins. We demonstrate how large-scale molecular dynamics simulations have revealed the molecular origin of this observed phenomenon and provide a microscopic picture of the immediate environment of the biomolecules. Finally, we describe how favorable interactions of ionic liquids may be This article is part of a special issue on ‘Ionic Liquids and Biomolecules’ edited by Antonio Benedetto and Hans-Joachim Galla * Biman Jana [email protected] * Kankan Bhattacharyya [email protected] 1
Department of Physical Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462 066, India
utilized for in situ generation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters for imaging a live cell. Keywords Binary mixture . Conformational dynamics . Folding/unfolding . Ionic liquid . MD simulation
Introduction A room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) consists of a bulky organic ion (cation) and a small inorganic counter ion (anion). Interactions of RTILs among each other and with other small and large biomolecules are currently attracting great interest because of the widespread applications of RTILs in green chemistry and electrochemistry, as well as for their ability to impart stability and long-term storage of proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids (e.g. DNA) (Baker et al. 2004; Benedetto and Ballone 2016; Chandran et al. 2012; Egorova et al. 2017; Fujita et al. 2007; Saha et al. 2016; Watanabe et al. 2017). The interaction of an ionic liquid with a biomolecule or a drug involves both electrostatic (through the ionic part of RTILs)
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