Interaction of water with oxide thin film model systems
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UNDERSTANDING WATER-OXIDE INTERFACES TO HARNESS NEW PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES
Interaction of water with oxide thin film model systems Martin Sterrer1,a) , Niklas Nilius2, Shamil Shaikhutdinov3, Markus Heyde3, Thomas Schmidt3, Hans-Joachim Freund3,b) 1
University of Graz, Institute of Physics, NAWI Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany 3 Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Chemical Physics, 14195 Berlin, Germany a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] 2
Received: 14 September 2018; accepted: 12 November 2018
The interaction between water and oxide surfaces plays an important role in many technological applications and environmental processes. However, gaining fundamental understanding of processes at oxide–water interfaces is challenging because of the complexity of the systems. To this end, results of experimental and computational studies utilizing well-defined oxide surfaces help to gain molecular-scale insights into the properties and reactivity of water on oxide surfaces. This is a necessary basis for the understanding of oxide surface chemistry in more complex environments. This review highlights recent advances in the fundamental understanding of oxide–water interaction using surface science experiments. In particular, we will discuss the results on crystalline and well-defined supported thin film oxide samples of the alkaline earth oxides (MgO and CaO), silica (SiO2), and magnetite (Fe3O4). Several aspects of water–oxide interactions such as adsorption modes (molecular versus dissociative), formation of long-range ordered structures, and dissolution processes will be discussed.
Introduction The interaction of water with surfaces is of major importance in many environmentally and technologically relevant processes, including electrochemistry, corrosion, atmospheric chemistry, weathering, materials science, solar water splitting, and catalysis. Thus, an enormous amount of research work, both experimental and computational, has been put into the understanding of water–surface interaction at different levels of complexity, from the single-molecule level to thin water films and bulk liquid water. Fundamental surface science studies with single-crystalline substrates and using advanced microscopic and spectroscopic surface science analytical methods have greatly contributed to the advancement of the understanding of water–solid interfaces as documented in a number of review articles [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Among the surfaces studied, perhaps the most detailed information is nowadays available for single-crystalline metal substrates, for which the interaction with water is typically rather weak. Atomistic insight into the structural details of water clusters, chain-like structures, and two-dimensional networks
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